Learning objectives
To allow students in Veterinary Medicine to know and understand the main surgical tools and procedures and the basic elements of anesthesiology.
D1 – KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
At the end of the training the student must demonstrate that he/she is able to:
1. define the main basic concepts regarding orthopedic and soft tissue surgery and anesthesia of animals, including laboratory animals and exotic pets;
2. know and understand instruments and technique useful to perform a surgical procedure;
3. know, understand and discuss anesthetic techniques and managements related to the species, pathology, procedure and physical status of the patient;
4. know the current rules regarding ethics’ code, drug management and animal welfare.
D2 – APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDESTANDING
At the end of the training the student must demonstrate that he/she is able to:
1. apply the basic concepts regarding orthopedic and soft tissue surgery and plan a surgery;
2. formulate a suitable anesthetic protocol for the patient in relation to the species, pathology and procedure;
3. discuss a clinical case and to point out tools and techniques useful to perform a surgical procedure taking account of animal welfare too.
D3 – MAKING JUDGEMENTS
At the end of the training the student will be able to judge clinical cases in relation to the pathologies:
1. choosing autonomously the surgical medical tools more suitable to deal with a surgery;
2. formulating autonomously the most suitable anesthetic protocol and management.
D4 – COMMUNICATION SKILLS
At the end of the training the student must demonstrate that he/she is able to:
1. express ideas, opinions and concepts regarding the main surgical tools and procedures and the basic elements of anesthesiology with appropriate words;
2. read, translate, understand and summarize scientific reports in Italian and English languages;
3. quickly identify the topic of a scientific discussion, express yourself clearly with appropriate words and give their contribution to the topic;
4. communicate clearly and comprehensibly with the owner with the aim to expose the basics of the surgical procedure and the problems and risks related to the anesthesia.
D5 – LEARNING SKILLS
At the end of the training the student must be able to:
1. find and learn independently the new scientific guidelines in the field of surgical tools and procedures and anesthesiology;
2. learn the proper manual dexterity of the basic surgical and anesthetic procedures;
3. understand the importance of pain therapy in order to improve postoperative outcome and to respect animal welfare;
4. develop actions to prevent and control pathologies that may require surgery and anesthesia.
Prerequisites
All of the courses provided for by the teaching regulations (pharmacology-toxicology-chemotherapy; Diagnostic imaging - Veterinary radiology - Surgical pathology)
Course unit content
The surgical room. Surgical instruments. Sterilization. Immobilization of surgical patient. Injection. Hemostasis. Centesis. Cateterism.
Bandage. Patient preparation. Principles of asepsis and antisepsis and
antibiotic role. Surgical planning. Surgical theatre. Preparation of the
surgeon. Dieresis and synthesis of soft tissues. Suture materials, knots
and sutures. Osteosynthesis: internal fixation (nail, screws, plates,
cerclage), external fixation. Wound treatment. Drains. Reconstructive
surgery. Nutritional support in hospitalised dogs and cats. Principles of anaesthesia in small and large animals, laboratory animals and exotic pets. Preanesthetic assessment. Preanesthetics. Injectable and inhalation anesthetics. Anesthetic machines and breathing systems. Ventilation. Monitoring. Locoregional anesthesia. Fluid therapy. Analgesia.
Pain management in dog, cat, horse, cattle, swine, sheep, rabbit: preemptive Analgesia, intraoperative Analgesia, postoperative Analgesia, love tender care, acupuncture. Use of analgesics drugs for acute and chronic pain management: opioids, alpha2-agonists, Fans, local anesthetic drugs, ketamine, corticosteoids, amantadine, gabapentin.
Anesthesia for selected diseases. Anesthetic emergencies.
Full programme
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Bibliography
Fossum Theresa Welch: Chirurgia dei Piccoli Animali. Masson Editore.
Slatter Douglas: Chirurgia dei piccoli animali. Antonio Delfino Editore.
Antonio Delfino Editore.
Federico Corletto: Anestesia del cane e del gatto. Poletto Editore. Bufalari Lachin: Anestesia - Cane, gatto e animali non convenzionali. Elsevier.
Lumb & Jones: Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. Blackwell Publishing
Teaching methods
Lectures (in person or via web) and practices
Assessment methods and criteria
La verifica dei risultati di apprendimento attesi descritti dall’indicatore D1 e di parte di quelli descritti dagli indicatori D2 e D3 è effettuata mediante esame orale per la parte di anestesiologia; per la medicina operatoria viene effettuata una parte pratica che prevede l'esecuzione di suture su manichino, il riconoscimento di strumenti chirurgici la preparazione del campo operatorio. La parte di semetioca prevede 30 test a scelta multipla su tutto il programma svolto e 3 casi clinici da risolvere per scritto. Tutta la parte scritta viene corretta e commentata oralmente per ogni singolo candidato alla fine della prova scritta stessa.
Alcuni dei risultati di apprendimento attesi descritti dagli indicatori D2, D3 e D4, nonché quelli descritti dall’indicatore D5, non sono oggetto diretto di valutazione, ma tutte le attività esercitative svolte sono articolate in modo tale da porre gli studenti, suddivisi in piccoli gruppi, di fronte a problematiche di carattere pratico, rispetto alle quali devono effettuare un’analisi e una valutazione e, anche con il contributo del Docente, trovarne una soluzione..
Other information
Indications will be given on how to carry out a bibliographic search and how to read and critically review the information contained in scientific articles.
