Learning objectives
In particular, the course aims to provide knowledge, skills and communication skills and independent judgment regarding:
main determinants of health and communicable and non-communicable diseases;
effective means for the prevention of the main communicable and non-communicable diseases and for the promotion of individual and community health;
elements of health education and health promotion;
implementation of health education programs and prevention campaigns;
health promotion: Ottawa Charter;
techniques and regulations for the control of environmental quality in the pharmaceutical sector with particular reference to environments intended for the preparation of chemotherapeutic and antiblastic drugs;
epidemiology and prevention of the main infectious and chronic-degenerative diseases;
composition and processes of degradation and contamination of environmental matrices;
relationships between nutrition and health, food hygiene;
different types of health services with notes on the history of the Italian health service.
Prerequisites
Getting through Animal Biology - Plant Biology
Course unit content
The course of general and applied hygiene contributes to the realization of the educational objectives of the Degree Course in Pharmacy by providing students with the knowledge and skills necessary for the application of the epidemiological method, in the study of the spread of disease events within populations and disease prevention and health promotion.
Full programme
Hygiene and its objectives. Concept of hygiene and public health, definition of health and its evolution.
Prevention objectives and methods. Levels of prevention. Primary, secondary (screening), tertiary, quaternary prevention.
General epidemiology of infectious diseases: Etiology of infectious diseases, transmission of infections, sources of infection, routes of transmission, routes of penetration and routes of elimination. Factors that influence the transition from the state of health to that of disease.
General prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Notification, isolation and diagnostic testing, disinfection, asepsis and sterilization, disinfestation.
Epidemiology and prevention of airborne infections (flu, meningitis, TB), parenteral or sexual (viral hepatitis B and C, AIDS), fecal-oral (typhoid and paratyphus, cholera, viral hepatitis A), infections borne by food and food poisoning (botulism, salmonellosis, enterotoxic St. and Cl. perfringens), zoonoses (tetanus, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis).
Immunoprophylaxis. Active and passive, vaccination.
Environmental hygiene. Aerobiology, Outdoor and indoor air, physical, chemical and microbiological aspects, effects on health; drinking water: sources of supply, requirements, correction, prevention of pollution; waste water: characteristics, removal, treatment, disposal, solid waste: characteristics, collection, removal, disposal, recovery and recycling,
Healthcare-related infections, hand hygiene, standard precautions
Controlled contamination environments. Rules and guidelines
General principles of epidemiology and prevention of non-infectious diseases.
Health education and health promotion.
Notes on health demography - Notes on Epidemiology. Prevalence, Incidence, frequency measures (morbidity and mortality), risk measures (relative ODDs risk and attributable risk, epidemiological studies (descriptive, analytical and experimental), epidemiological study design, questionnaires.
Bibliography
- Signorelli C. Igiene e Sanità Pubblica. Società Editrice Universo, Roma, 2021.
- Gilli G. Professione IgienistaCasa Editrice Ambrosiana 2010.
- Barbuti S., Fara GM, Giammanco G. Igiene, medicina Preventiva, Sanità Pubblica. EdiSES Università 2014
Materiale didattico fornito dal docente, disponibile sulla piattaforma Elly.
Teaching material provided by the teacher, available on the Elly platform.
Teaching methods
The course will be taught through frontal lectures, with interactive sessions. Lectures will be held on-site in compliance with safety standards.
Supporting material will be available on the specific, student-reserved platform (Elly).
Assessment methods and criteria
Learning outcomes will be verified through an oral examination. No interim evaluation is programmed. Questions on the topics relating to the courses content will be used by different examiners to test the student’s knowledge and understanding in the two scientific disciplines, and her/his ability to apply them in occupational contexts. Failure to answer to questions on one of the courses, or proven inability to demonstrate at least a basic knowledge of the subjects, will prevent the successful completion of the exam. Upon successful completion of the examination, the attribution of voting will be carried out according to the degree of achievement of the objectives (excellent, good, fair, fully sufficient, barely sufficient). The final vote will be decided jointly by the examiners, who will have the possibility to decide a vote not higher or lower than three grades from the best or the worst vote derived from the mean of the two individual votes. Full marks with laude will be reserved to students exhibiting, together with an overall evaluation of 30/30, capability of making judgments and good communication ability and autonomous learning skills. Students with Learning Disabilities/Special Educational Needs must first contact the "Centro di Accoglienza e Inclusione" of the University of Parma (cai@unipr.it).
Other information
The teachers are available for further explanations in office or by distance via Teams after e-mail appointment, or via chat on Elly platform.
2030 agenda goals for sustainable development
This teaching contributes to realising the UN objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (03, 04, 06, 13, 15, 17).
