Learning objectives
Purpose of education is to provide a more complete picture of the
educational and philosophical thought in mind throughout the ancient philosophy, which, notoriously, goes from the sixth century BC to the 5th-6th century AD, both are charged that Christian. Educational processes will be considered present and been consolidated in ancient times paidéia the formation of man and of the citizen. So we'll talk about the medical education, of scientific education in General: psychological, physical and moral logic, metaphysics, that the various authors and the various philosophical schools have developed over the so-called Socratic periods: presocratico, , classic of Plato and Aristotle, to the Hellenistic period, epicure, stoic, skeptic, medioplatonico and neoplatonic, Christian, pagan who to reach both P.roclus and Simplicius
Prerequisites
No prerequisite is required.
Course unit content
TOPIC:
"LOGICAL" EDUCATION IN ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
One of the most important discoveries of Aristotelian thought was logic as a theory of knowledge valid or not. In fact, Aristotle dedicated 5 works to logical science, understood as a cognitive technique (the 'Categories', the 'De interpretatione', 'the first and second Analyticals', the 'Topics' and the 'Sophistic Lists') in addition to the famous book IV of Metaphysics, entirely dedicated to the principle of not contradiction. But the beginnings of logical thought occur in Parmenides of Elea with the being of him who is and who cannot at the same time not be and in his disciple Zeno of Elea, with his paradoxes against movement. The results of their speculations continued in the Sophist period and in Socrates, who discovered, in particular, the concept, the tì ésti, in fact. Even in one of the three minor Socratic schools (the Cynic, the Cyrenaic and the Megaric), there was a revival and an expansion of the Socratic logical arguments. This is the Megaric School, founded and directed by Euclid of Mègara, who came to identify the Parmenidean Being with the Good; but it decayed into exaggerated technicalities, which were then called: eristic. The Platonic logic also assumes a certain importance, in particular with the definition of not being understood as something else and with the identification of the correct defining technique (see the example of the "fisherman with a line"). A pupil of Plato was, in fact, Aristotle, the true founder of ancient logic, as we said. He identified the ten highest categories or genres under which we can know reality. He defined the concept of: judgment or proposition. He established the nineteen ways of understanding the scientifically correct syllogisms, divided into four figures (sub-prae; sub-sub; prae-prae; prae-sub) And he applied himself to clarify knowledge of inductive origin and definitions; as he too spoke of probable syllogisms, as well as illusory or deceptive syllogisms and therefore not useful for an adequate knowledge, whatever it may be. But another important period for the ancient logical thought opens with Stoicism (Ancient, Middle and New), as for the Stoics, who take up Megaric arguments, based on the correct reasoning, the whole proposition must be put, made up of a subject and a predicate, both true or both false and no longer the only concept of Socratic origin. In the Neoplatonic period, then, in particular in Plotinus, logical thought indissolubly intersects with metaphysical thought (One, Intellect and Soul of the world). And so it was inherited from Christianity, in particular from Saint Augustine, who used it, together with the Stoic logic,
especially to counter the dualism and
materialism of Manichaean philosophical and theological thought.
Full programme
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Bibliography
MANDATORY TEXTS:
- A textbook of the history of ancient philosophy for high schools, taking care to follow the developments of logic. Failing that, it proposes: REALE - ANTISERI, History of philosophical ideas, vol. I, LaScuola, Brescia; or: VINCENZA CELLUPRICA, The Ancient Logic, Loescher, Turin 1982 ff .;
- lectures and exercises or in the classroom or via the internet.
OPTIONAL TEXTS:
For information,
list some of the main stories of philosophy
Ancient, university level, available in Italian:
L. ROBIN, History of Greek thought, Mondadori, Milan 1978 ff .;
G. REALE, History of Ancient Philosophy (there are various editions: from
that, in five volumes, published by Vita e Pensiero, Milan 1990 ff., a
the one, in a single volume, entitled History of Greek and Roman philosophy,
published by Bompiani, Milan 2004 ff. );
N. ABBAGNANO - G. FORNERO, History of Ancient Philosophy., Utet,
Turin 2017 ff .;
AA. VV., History of Ancient Philosophy, in 4 vols., Edited, respectively, by M. BONAZZI, F. TRABATTONI, E. SPINELLI, R. CHIARADONNA, Carocci, Rome 2016-2018 ff .;
A. KENNY, New History of Western Philosophy, vol. 1, Ancient Philosophy, Einaudi, Turin 2012 ff .;
E. LAMANNA, History of Ancient Philosophy, Le Monnier, Florence 1989 ff .;
L. GEYMONAT, History of philosophical and scientific thought, vol. I, Garzanti, Milan 1970 ff .;
F. ADORNO, Ancient philosophy, Feltrinelli, Milan 1977 ff .;
G. DE RUGGIERO, History of ancient philosophy, Universale Laterza, 2 vols., Laterza, Bari 1980 ff.
Some anthologies of commented passages on ancient philosophy could also be useful. I mention only two:
M. BONAZZI, L. CARDULLO, G. CASERTANO, E. SPINELLI, F. TRABATTONI (edited by), Ancient Philosophy, Cortina, Milan 2005 ff .;
D. FISH, Ancient Philosophy Texts., Vol. I of his History of Philosophy,
Principality, Florence 1995 ff.
Teaching methods
Lectures and seminars, if possible, with discussions of texts and topics specific to the course and classroom by internet; presentation of chapters or parts of books in the bibliography by internet.
Assessment methods and criteria
Oral examination. Evaluation criteria: 18 thresholds, 27, 30, 24, of 30 and praise will be reached, respectively, following a good, decent and good enough understanding of the topics covered; and a similar enough, fair, good, excellent clarity and proficiency in the use of specialist vocabulary. The threshold of praise will add elements of originality or particular deepening of topics covered
Other information
Program and verification of learning mode are the same for students attending and not attending.
