Learning objectives
Purpose of education is to provide a more complete picture of the
educational and philosophical thought in mind throughout the ancient philosophy, which, notoriously, goes from the sixth century BC to the 5th-6th century AD, both are charged that Christian. Educational processes will be considered present and been consolidated in ancient times paidéia the formation of man and of the citizen. So we'll talk about the medical education, of scientific education in General: psychological, physical and moral logic, metaphysics, that the various authors and the various philosophical schools have developed over the so-called Socratic periods: presocratico, , classic of Plato and Aristotle, to the Hellenistic period, epicure, stoic, skeptic, medioplatonico and neoplatonic, Christian, pagan who to reach both P.roclus and Simplicius
Prerequisites
No prerequisite is required.
Course unit content
SUBJECT:
"PSYCHOLOGICAL" EDUCATION IN ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
The theme of the soul forcefully enters philosophy with Socrates who reduces man to his soul, that is to say to his rational capacity, so much so that only those who are capable of knowing intellectually what virtue and good are are considered capable to reach them. Which is why, conversely, those who do evil cannot consider themselves guilty, but only ignorant.
It will be Plato who divides the soul into three parts: the concupiscible one, the irascible one and the rational one. Obviously the most important is the rational one, which alone is capable of knowing ideas and the intelligible world and for this very reason it is immortal as are the ideas it knows. Plato also elaborates three proofs of the immortality of the rational soul: we have already mentioned one; the second follows from the fact that the soul is life and therefore irrevocably opposed to death; the third takes up the first test in part, as the immortality of the soul is linked to its ability to know the universal and necessary concepts and therefore can only be similar to them.
In Aristotle the soul is divided into: vegetative, sensitive and rational. Furthermore, in "De anima" it is said that the soul is the form of the body and therefore it becomes inevitable to think that, when the body fails, the soul also fails. However in other works (e.g. 'Metaphysics', book XII) Aristotle maintains that our rational soul is capable of reaching the knowledge of God and therefore can have a universal value. This last Aristotelian consideration will lead in the medieval period, but also before, to a division of the intellectual soul into: active intellect and passive intellect.
In the Hellenistic period the conception of the soul is generally held to be mortal and material. In fact for Epicurus it is made up of atoms of fire, as for Democritus, which dissolve when the body is dissolved.
For Stoicism the soul is conceived as soul of the world and part of the generating fire of the whole universe;
Full programme
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Bibliography
MANDATORY TEXTS:
- A textbook of the history of ancient philosophy for high schools, taking care to follow the developments of conception of the soul. Failing that, it proposes: REALE - ANTISERI, History of philosophical ideas, vol. I, LaScuola, Brescia;
- lectures and exercises or in the classroom or via the internet.
OPTIONAL TEXTS:
For information,
list some of the main stories of philosophy
Ancient, university level, available in Italian:
L. ROBIN, History of Greek thought, Mondadori, Milan 1978 ff .;
G. REALE, History of Ancient Philosophy (there are various editions: from
that, in five volumes, published by Vita e Pensiero, Milan 1990 ff., a
the one, in a single volume, entitled History of Greek and Roman philosophy,
published by Bompiani, Milan 2004 ff. );
N. ABBAGNANO - G. FORNERO, History of Ancient Philosophy., Utet,
Turin 2017 ff .;
AA. VV., History of Ancient Philosophy, in 4 vols., Edited, respectively, by M. BONAZZI, F. TRABATTONI, E. SPINELLI, R. CHIARADONNA, Carocci, Rome 2016-2018 ff .;
A. KENNY, New History of Western Philosophy, vol. 1, Ancient Philosophy, Einaudi, Turin 2012 ff .;
E. LAMANNA, History of Ancient Philosophy, Le Monnier, Florence 1989 ff .;
L. GEYMONAT, History of philosophical and scientific thought, vol. I, Garzanti, Milan 1970 ff .;
F. ADORNO, Ancient philosophy, Feltrinelli, Milan 1977 ff .;
G. DE RUGGIERO, History of ancient philosophy, Universale Laterza, 2 vols., Laterza, Bari 1980 ff.
Some anthologies of commented passages on ancient philosophy could also be useful. I mention only two:
M. BONAZZI, L. CARDULLO, G. CASERTANO, E. SPINELLI, F. TRABATTONI (edited by), Ancient Philosophy, Cortina, Milan 2005 ff .;
D. FISH, Ancient Philosophy Texts., Vol. I of his History of Philosophy,
Principality, Florence 1995 ff.
Teaching methods
Lectures and seminars, if possible, with discussions of texts and topics specific to the course and classroom by internet; presentation of chapters or parts of books in the bibliography by internet.
Assessment methods and criteria
Oral examination. Evaluation criteria: 18 thresholds, 27, 30, 24, of 30 and praise will be reached, respectively, following a good, decent and good enough understanding of the topics covered; and a similar enough, fair, good, excellent clarity and proficiency in the use of specialist vocabulary. The threshold of praise will add elements of originality or particular deepening of topics covered
Other information
Program and verification of learning mode are the same for students attending and not attending.
