Learning objectives
1- Knowledge and comprehension skill
Goal of the course: knowledge of the principal philosophical theories during the Classical German Philosophy. Comprehension of the connection which joins these different theorical options with the themes of the course.
2- Applied knowledge and comprehension skill
Application of the methodologies and topics of the Classical German Philosophy to set of problems in other periods of the history of philosophy.
3-4-5- Autonomy of judgment, communication and apprehension skills
Development of autonomous as well as critical judgment of the philosophical texts through oral communications and historical well-documented papers.
Course unit content
The course is about the concepts of “freedom” and “evil” in the Classical German Philosophy. The different theoretical models of this period express as much conceptions of man as well as of philosophy. The course aims to illuminate the speculative connection between the subjects of the human actions and those of the philosophical activity.
Subjects: necessity and contingency. Transcendental freedom and autonomy. Evil for and of the human being. Evil and God.
Bibliography
Sources (obligatory):
I. Kant, Critica della ragion pura (any edition as long as integral): Dialettica trascendentale, B 560-586;
I. Kant, Critica della ragion pratica (any edition as long as integral): Analitica della ragion pura pratica;
J.G. Fichte, Sistema di etica, Laterza, Bari-Roma 1998 (or edition Bompiani);
F.W.J. Schelling, Ricerche filosofiche sull’essenza della libertà umana, in: Id., Ricerche sulla filosofia, la religione, la libertà, Mursia, Torino 1990 (or edition Bompiani);
G.F.W. Hegel, Lezioni sulla filosofia della storia, vol. 1, La Nuova Italia, Firenze 1981.
Supplementary texts (optional):
L. Pareyson, Ontologia della libertà. Il male e la sofferenza, Einaudi, Torino 1995;
Essenze della libertà. Guida alla lettura delle ricerche filosofiche di F. W. J. Schelling, a cura di F. Forlin e M. Dalla Valle, Mimesis, Milano 2010.
La libertà nella filosofia classica tedesca, a cura di G. Duso e G. Rametta, FrancoAngeli, Milano 2000;
S. Brogi, I filosofi e il male. Storia della teodicea da Platone a Auschwitz, FrancoAngeli, Milano 2010.
Teaching methods
Lectures.
Lecture and analysis of texts.
Active interaction between the teacher and the students in form of discussion of individual problems of the course. The students must in an alternative way write a short protocol of the lecture which contains the principal arguments of the previous session and is orally exposed at the beginning of the next session.
Assessment methods and criteria
The final exams consist in a paper and an oral discussion. The student has to send to the teacher, at least one week before the oral examination, a paper (9-11 pp.) about a subject of the course. The student must show the ability to develop in a sinthetic way a coherent as well as in-depth discussion of a philosophical question, also using the secondary bibliography. The student must also show the skill to write a philosophical text applying the usual typographical norms. The paper will be evaluated in “trentesimi” and discussed with the student during the oral examination.
The oral examination will focus on the paper and on the texts of the bibliography. The final grade represents the average of the grade of the paper and the grade of the oral examination. The oral examination aims especially to verify: 1. the comprehension of philosophical texts; 2. the ability to think in a philosophical way and apply the learned concepts to specific problems; 3. the appropriate use of the philosophical terminology.
