Learning objectives
The course of "Osteocondrogenesys: Models of biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro Mod B" is a part of the integrated course of "Biomaterials and biocompatible synthetic materials". At the end of the course, the student will demonstrate to know and understand the notions taught on the various topics during the frontal teaching and practical activity, and moreover to know how to apply them in the design, standardization and methodological validation of the experimental plans for the evaluation of biocompatibility in in vivo and in vitro mainly applied in the orthopedic and dental field.
D1- Knowledge and understanding
The student, at the end of the course, must know the anatomical and histological fundamentals and the basic principles of biocompatibility in the osteochondrogenic field to understand the rationale for the choice of an experimental models in vitro and in vivo, both as models for the study and as a models for development of an innovative applications.
D2 - Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
The student must be able to apply the acquired knowledge to identify the most suitable experimental model for a given experimental application.
D3 - Autonomy of judgment
The student must be able to evaluate, developing his own critical thinking, advantages and limitations found in the choice of an experimental model.
D4 - Communication skills
The student must be able, with adequate language proficiency, to express the scientific concepts learned.
D5 - Learning skills
The student must be able to understand and interpret scientific articles relative to the field.
Prerequisites
Fundamentals of Cytology and Histology.
Course unit content
The first part of the course focuses on the deepening of knowledge about the locomotor system emphasizing on the embryological development, morphology, biodynamics aspects and considering the species peculiarities. It then deals with the classification and treatment of biomaterials used in the orthopedic and dental field, analyzing the historical path of development and refinement, focusing on the biotechnological strategies for the design of biomimetic materials, that have the ability to interact biochemically with cells and tissues. The course then focused on the features of bone tissue and the study of different in vitro and in vivo experimentals models aimed to evaluate the colonization, osteogenic response, osteointegration and resorption will be considered. The concepts of tissue engineering, replacement medicine, regenerative medicine and nanomedicine will also be described. The practical part of the course will focus on the methodologies of preparation and analysis of histological preparations containing implants. The practical part of the course will focus on the methodologies for the histological preparation and microscopic analysis of samples containing implants.
Full programme
Theoretical part:
Locomotor system: the organogenesis, the general features, the species peculiarities and the biodynamics aspects:
- Osteology
- Myology
- Arthrology
Components of bony tissue.
Histogenesis of bone tissue. Differentiating markers and pathways of bone deposition and remodeling. Fundamentals of morphology and bone structure, deposition dynamics and remodeling of pre and post-embryo ossification.
Endosseous biomaterials in orthopedic and dental fields: history and definitions, classifications. Biomaterials of first, second and third generation. Biological phenomena occurring at the bone-implant interface. Implant functionalization strategies to promote implantation osteointegration: physical, chemical and biochemical.
Definition of Tissue Engineering; substitutive medicine and regenerative medicine; components of a tissue engineering system, choice of cellular and animal models for experimental evaluation.
Nanomedicine; classification, therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Experimental models for the assessment of cellular response in vitro.
In vitro development of matrices and tissues, bioreactors and physico-chemical stimuli.
In vivo experimental models for the evaluation of tissue response.
Experimental models and design, sites and implant types. Concepts of legislation.
Methods for the evaluation of osseointegration: use of vital bone markers, micro CT analysis, polarized light analysis, histoenzymatic and immunohistochemical reactions, histological stains.
Practical part:
Locomotor system: recognition and isolation of muscles, bones and joint. Histological preparations techniques; paraffin and resin embedding. Microtomy and histological staining. Observation of the histological slides with brighfield, polarized and fluorescence microscopy; concepts of computerized digital image processing.
Bibliography
The module program takes into consideration topics that are not referable to a single text. In addition to the suggested reference textbooks, the teaching materials of the lesson as well as a selection of the scientific literature provided by the teacher during the course will be made available to the student.
Reference textbooks:
DE FELICI M., e coll.: Embriologia Umana - Morfogenesi - Processi molecolari - Aspetti Clinici, Piccin, Padova, 2014.
PELAGALLI G.V., e coll.: Embriologia, Morfogenesi e Anomalie dello Sviluppo, Idelson - Gnocchi, Napoli, 2009.
ADAMO S., CAMOGLIO P., DOLFI A., et al.: Istologia di V. Monesi, VI edizione, Piccin, Padova.
ROSS M.H., PAWLINA W.: Istologia –Testo e Atlante con cenni di Biologia cellulare e molecolare, Ambrosiana, Milano.
BARONE R.: Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi Domestici, Edagricole, Bologna.
COZZI B., BALLARIN C., PERUFFO A., CARÙ F.: Anatomia degli animali da laboratorio (Roditori e Lagomorfi), Ambrosiana, Milano.
KÖNIG H. E., LIEBICH H. G.: Anatomia dei mammiferi domestici (Testo-atlante a colori), Piccin, Padova.
DI BELLO C.: biomateriali – Introduzione allo studio dei materiali per uso biomedico, Pàtron, Bologna.
MANTERO S., REMUZZI A., RAIMONDI M.T., AHLUWALIA A.: Fondamenti di ingegneria dei tessuti per la medicina rigenerativa, Pàtron, Bologna.
HOLLINGER J.O., EINHORN T.A., DOLL B.A., SFEIR C.: Bone tissue engineering , CRC PRESS, Boca Raton, Florida.
Teaching methods
The course includes theoretical lessons that take place in the classroom and theoretical-practical lessons that take place both in the anatomy's room, veterinary anatomy museum and in the microscopy lab. The practical lessons foresee the subdivision into groups whose number depends exclusively on the possibility of allowing each student to operate autonomously in the proposed activity. The teaching material of the lesson will be made available to the student in electronic format through a special web platform and a selection of scientific articles will integrate the provided teaching materials and the reference textbooks.
Assessment methods and criteria
The assessment of the achievement of the course objectives is carried out through an oral exam. The achievement of the objective of knowledge and understanding of the contents and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge (D1, D2) will be verified through questions concerning the program and the detailed readings indicated. In formulating the answers, the student should demonstrate an adequate language proficiency and a proper reasoning skills by linking together different aspect of the topic (D3, D4). The grade of the exam is the result of the mediated evaluation of the student's answers to the proposed questions. As an optional, students can carry out an ongoing testing on the first part of the course (anatomical part - knowledge will be assessed through both practical activities and an oral questions). The examination will be completed with the second part, in the exams date scheduled.
Other information
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2030 agenda goals for sustainable development
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