Learning objectives
The course of Botany is part Teaching or Integrated Course of Animal and Plant Biology.
The course aims to provide students with general and specific knowledge of the molecular constitution of the plant cell, as well as to its organization into tissues and organs and functioning of the same. This knowledge will provide the student with the ability to understand the function of the plant in terms of ecology and as food for heterotrophic beings. The course will provide the student with the basic skills also to recognize and describe the different plant species of interest in agriculture and animal production and indicate the ways to use them for productive purposes.
Prerequisites
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Course unit content
The first part of the course concerns the study of histology and anatomy of the plant, passing from the cellular organization to the level of tissue, organ and then the whole plant.
The second part of the course is characterized by the discussion of the physiology of plant organisms, including the study of the processes of absorption, transport and assimilation of nutrients, as well as the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, with considerations on the physiology of stress and the production of secondary metabolites .
The third part of the course is devoted to the study of the classification of plants as well as the description of some herbaceous plant species of interest in agriculture and animal production.
Full programme
ANATOMY OF ANGIOSPERMAE
- Plant Cell
- Root
- The stem
- The leaf
- Plant tissue
- Life cycle of Angiosperms: flower, fertilization, embryo, seed, fruit
Plant Physiology
- WATER BALANCE OF PLANT
- The water in the soil
- Water absorption by the roots
- Transport of water through the xylem
- Movement of water from the leaf to the atmosphere
- THE MINERAL NUTRITION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SOLUTI
- Essential nutrients for plants
- Soil, roots and microbes
- Absorption of mineral elements of the soil
- Processes of membrane transport
- Transport of ions in the roots
- THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Reactions to light
- Organization photosynthetic apparatus
- Organization of antenna systems for light absorption
- Stages of photosynthesis
- Mechanisms of the electron transport
- Transport of protons and ATP synthesis in the chloroplast
- Synthesis of glucose
- THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Reactions of carbon
- The Calvin cycle
- The cycle C2 for the oxidation of carbon
- The cycle C4 carbon
- Starch and sucrose
- Control of the photosynthetic apparatus
- TRANSLOCATION in the phloem
- Routes of translocation
- Models of translocation: from its sources and sinks
- Substances translocated in the phloem and speed of movement
- The model of the pressure flow for the transport of the phloem
- Loading of the phloem
- Download the phloem (phloem unloading) and transition from "pit-source"
- Distribution of photosynthesis: the allocation and distribution
- The transport of signaling molecules
- BREATHING AND LIPID METABOLISM
- Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, electron transport and mitochondrial ATP synthesis
- Lipid Metabolism
- ASSIMILATION OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS
- Assimilation of nitrate and ammonium
- Assimilation of sulfur
- Assimilation of phosphate
- Assimilation of cations
- Assimilation of oxygen
- SECONDARY METABOLITES AND DEFENSES OF PLANTS
- Cutina, suberin and waxes
- Secondary metabolites: terpenes, phenolic compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds
- Induced plant defenses against insects and herbivores against pathogens
- CELL WALLS: STRUCTURE, AND EXPANSION BIOGENESIS
- Structure and synthesis of plant cell walls
- Models of cell expansion
- Speed of cell elongation
- Degradation of the wall and plant defenses
- Physiology STRESS
- Water stress, thermal and saline
- Lack of oxygen
SYSTEMATIC
- Classification, nomenclature and Study of Variability
- Taxonomy
- Characters with taxonomic value
- Cladogram
- Divisions of the plant kingdom
- Identification of vascular plants
- Classification of plants of agricultural interest
- CEREALS
- Wheat
- Durum wheat
- Farro small, medium and big spelled spelled or spelled
- Barley
- Rye
- Oats
- Triticale
- Corn
- Sorghum
- Rice
- Millet and panic
- Buckwheat
- INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
- Soy
- Rape
- Sunflower
- Peanut
- Castor
- Safflower
- Sesame
- Sugar beet
- Tobacco
- Hemp
- Cotton
- Flax
- Kenaf
- FODDER
- Fodder legume
- Alfalfa
- Red Clover or violet
- White clover
- Berseem
- Persian clover
- Clover hybrid
- Crimson Clover
- Ginestrino
- Lupinella
- On the
- Forage grasses
- Grass mazzolina
- Tall fescue
- Timothy or Timothy
- Ryegrass
- Ryegrass
- Bromo cathartic
- Bromo helpless
- Fescue lawns
- Red fescue
- Festuca ovina
- Simultaneous between legumes and grasses
- Plants by erbaio
- Pastures
Bibliography
PUPILLO P., CERVONE F., CRESTI M., RASCIO N. - BIOLOGIA VEGETALE. Zanichelli Editore, Bologna, 2003.
LINCOLN T., ZEIGER E. - FISIOLOGIA VEGETALE. Piccin, 2009.
PASQUA G., ABBATE G., FORNI C. BOTANICA GENERALE E DIVERSITA' VEGETALE. Piccin, 2011.
Teaching methods
Lectures will be conducted through the aid of a POWER POINT support. It is planned to show presentations full of pictures, graphs and diagrams that enable maximum understanding and synthesis of the topics covered. The third part of the course will include practical exercises organized into groups aimed at generating knowledge in the correct observation, description and recognition of the main structures and plant species. During the exercises, plant samples of various types will be distributed to students and studied through dissection of the same.
Assessment methods and criteria
The assessment of the success of the planned course includes an oral examination. By means of specific questions, it will be determined whether the student has acquired general and particulars knowledge of the course contents, he gained the ability to understand the function of plants and has the basic skills to recognize and describe the plant species studied.
The evaluation will be performed throug to the formulation of three questions, one for each part of the course, each of which will be given a maximum score of 10. The third question will cover the features and procedures for the recognition of a plant species. A fourth question can be formulated to resolve any uncertainty regarding the evaluation.
Other information
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2030 agenda goals for sustainable development
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