Course unit content
Pathology is the pivotal diagnostic and therapeutic path in modern medicine. Proper pathological interpretation based on morphological characteristics and biomolecular specific patient pathology(ies) allow(s) modulation(s) of no more standard therapeutic protocols. Therefore, the course is designed in three stages that allow the progressive and gradual knowledge and understanding of 1) basic concepts of pathological anatomy, 2) the impact of systemic diseases on the specific problems concerning the course of study, and finally on 3) pathologies of oral relevance, even with possible reflection on the body and the "person". It also will be provided a general model of epicritic reasoning with which to confront in everyday life, to understand the importance of the interaction of the experts in different oral medical fields.
Full programme
I) General Histopathology
1) The Pathologist's Laboratory. Technical Concepts of histopathology. Histopathology. Cytology. The main purpose of the diagnostic examination. The epicrisis. The intraoperative histopathology. The collaboration between clinical and pathologist in the construction of diagnosis for prognositic and therapeutic aim.
2) Pictures of pathologic tissue and organ damage in the graft versus host disease, in autoimmune disease, in acute and chronic inflammatory processes and in the main granulomatosis processes
3) Regeneration and cell growth: the wound healing process
4) Hemodynamic disorders: a) Edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage; b) embolism, thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); c) Heart attacks: morphological and development frameworks; d) Shock: type, pathogenic mechanisms, evolution
5) Tumors: a) Biology of tumor growth kinetics, angiogenesis, progression, local spread, metastases; b) Cyto-histopathology diagnosis: histological type, grading, staging, prognostic factors. c) Classification of benign and malignant tumors
II) Systemic Pathology
1) Cardio-vascular system: Arteriosclerosis, Arteritis, aneurysms; Varices, thrombosis, thrombo-phlebitis; b) Heart Disease: Angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, sudden death, c) Valvular heart disease: rheumatic fever and rheumatic endocarditis, bacterial endocarditis. d) Myocarditis, cardiomyopathies specifications, idiopathic cardiomyopathies. e) Pericarditis
2) Blood and lymphatic system: plasma cell dyscrasias (multiple myeloma, solitary myeloma, gammopathies); b) lymphadenitis c) Lymphomas
3) Respiratory Tract: bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, Pulmonary Fibrosis b) pneumonia, bronchopulmonary, pleuritis and Pleural; c) thromboembolism and pulmonary infarction; d) Bronchial asthma; e) Pleuro-pulmonary and laryngeal neoplasms
4) Apparatus Genito-Urinary: Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis; b) benign and malignant nephrosclerosis; c) Malignancies Kidney, Bladder and Pieloureterali; d) prostatic hypertrophy, carcinomas
5) Gastro-enteric apparatus, Liver and Biliary tract, Pancreas: Esophagus: hiatal hernia, varices, Oesophagitis, carcinoma; Stomach: gastritis, peptic ulcer, neoplasms; Intestine: Infarction, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diverticular disease, Celiac disease and malabsorption syndromes, polyps and adenomas, colorectal carcinoma; Liver: Viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma; Biliary Tract: Jaundice, Cholangitis, cholecystitis, Lithiasis. Pancreas: acute and chronic pancreatitis, diabetes.
6) Endocrine System: Pituitary: hyperpituitarism, hypopituitarism; Thyroid: thyroiditis, goiter, Graves' disease, carcinomas; Parathyroid: Primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary and tertiary; Adrenal gland: Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, M. Addison, Neoplasms
7) Locomotor apparatus: Bone: M. Paget, fibrous dysplasia, M. Recklingausen; Osteomyelitis; Joints and Tendons: Arthro-synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis
8) Nervous system: meningitis, brain abscess, encephalitis; b) infarction, apoplectic hemorrhage, aneurysms; c) M. Alzheimer, M. Parkinson, Multiple Sclerosis
9) Skin: nevi and melanomas; Precancerous, Basal and squamous cell carcinoma
III a) Systemic Odontostomatologic Pathology
Oral cavity
1) abnormalities of development and hereditary keratosis: Fordyce's spots, lymphoepithelial cysts, hemifacial hypertrophy, congenital epulis, leukoedema, white sponge nevus, congenital Pachyonychia, Tylosis, benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis hereditary and congenita.
2) Stomatitis: general and classification, topographical variety, etiological, pathogenetic and morphological pictures
3) Locations oral dermatological diseases: Lichen planus, lupus erythematosus
4) ulceration and vesiculobullous diseases: classification, traumatic ulcers, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, pemphigus, the disease Hailey- Hailey, pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, epidermolysis bullosa
5) Hyperplasia connective tissue Epulis, giant cell reparative granuloma, pyogenic granuloma, irritative hyperplasia from dentures
6) cysts of soft tissue
7) keratosis, conditions and injuries precancerous - Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia: leukoplakia, epithelial dysplasia, erythroplasia
8) tumor-like lesions, benign and malignant tumors of the oral cavity. Papillary hyperplasia of the palate, focal epithelial hyperplasia, Condyloma, oral papilloma, papillomatosis, melanocytic nevi, Squamous Cell Carcinoma: onset of seats, grading, staging, prognostic factors, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, malignant melanoma, benign and malignant neoplasms of connective tissue.
III b) Systemic Odontostomatologic Pathology
Teeth - jaw bones - temporomandibular joint
1) Changes in the development of teeth: the number, size, size, structure
2) Other abnormalities of the teeth and the eruption, loss of tooth substance also from nonbacterial causes discoloration, transplantation and replantation, root fracture, age-related changes
3) Dental caries: etiology, topography, immunological aspects, complications
4) diseases of the dental pulp: Pulpitis , healing, calcification, necrosis, pulp age-related changes
5) periapical periodontitis: Acute and chronic, periapical abscess and complications
6) periodontal disease: gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, pericoronitis, gingival hypertrophy, desquamative gingivitis, periodontal abscess lateral periodontal age-related changes
7) congenital diseases and malformations of the jaw
8) inflammatory, endocrine and metabolic diseases of the bone, bone Healing
9) Cysts of the jaws: odontogenic and not odontogenic, primitive bone cysts
10) pseudotumoral lesions and tumors of the jaw: central giant cell granuloma, palatal torus, mandibular torus, exostosis, benign and malignant tumors of the bone, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, metastatic tumors and odontomas Odontogenous tumors
Diseases temporomandibular joint
Nose, nasopharynx, tonsils
1) Inflammations: rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis
2) pre-neoplastic lesions and benign and malignant tumors
Salivary glands
1) Xerostomia, Sialorrea, lithiasis, cysts
2) Xerostomia, Sialorrea, lithiasis, cysts; Sialadenitis: etiology, pathological variety, complications
3) lymphoepithelial lesions, Benign and malignant neoplasms
Bibliography
Robbins e Cotran - Le basi patologiche delle malattie, 8th Edition, Elsevier ed.
Vol. 1 Patologia generale - Vol. 2 Malattie degli organi e degli apparati
J.V. Soames, J.C. Southam: Patologia Orale, EMSI editore
Patologia orale. Correlazioni clinico-patologiche
Richard C. Jordan,Joseph A. Regezi,James J. Sciubba
Editore: Delfino Antonio Editore
Patologia orale. Correlazioni cliniche e patologiche
Roderick A. Cawson
Antonio Delfino Editore
