Learning objectives
Basic anatomical terminology and knowledege of human body organization including main physiological functions
Prerequisites
Students must possess basic and fundamental notions of Anatomy, cell and tissue biology and biochemistry of the organs and systems which are the topic of this part of the course.
Course unit content
Locomotor system: bone, muscles and joints. Cardiovascular system: heart, pericardium, blood and lymphatic vessels, limphnodes, spleen. Digestive system: oral cavity and salivary glands, farinx, esophagous, stomach, small and large bowel, liver, gall bladder and biliary tract, pancreas, peritoneum. Respiratory system: superior and inferior air tracts, lungs and pleura. Urinary system: kidney (macro and microscopic anatomy), ureteres, bladder and urethra. Endocrine system: morphofuncitonal anatomy of endocrine glands. Male and female genital system: (macro and microscopic anatomy). General organization of the central (medulla, encephalon) and peripheral (spinal and cranial nerves) system. Sensory and motor pathways.
1)Physiology of the central nervous system:
- Basic anatomy and functional properties of neurons.
-Action potentials.
-Synapses and receptors.
-Sensory organs and receptors.
-Organization of the somatosensory system.
-Organization of the motor system.
-Spinal reflexes.
-Organization of motor and somatosensory cortices. Somatotopy.
2) Physiology of the cardiovascular system:
- Miocardial properties: rhythm, conduction, excitability, contraction.
- Heart electrophysiology. Ionic theories of resting and action potentials.
- Electrocardiogram.
- Heart mechanics and the cardiac cycle.
- Cardiac output.
- Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of heart activity.
- The vascular system.
- Blood pressure
3) Physiology of the respiratory apparatus:
- Chest and respiration muscles.
- Lung volumes and capacities.
- Mechanics of breathing.
- Blood-tissue gas exchange in the lung and in peripheral tissues.
- Blood transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
4) Physiology of Renal Function:
- The kidney: structural and functional properties. Kidney vascularization.
- Glomerular filtration.
- Tubular functions.
Full programme
Locomotor system: bone, muscles and joints. Cardiovascular system: heart, pericardium, blood and lymphatic vessels, limphnodes, spleen. Digestive system: oral cavity and salivary glands, farinx, esophagous, stomach, small and large bowel, liver, gall bladder and biliary tract, pancreas, peritoneum. Respiratory system: superior and inferior air tracts, lungs and pleura. Urinary system: kidney (macro and microscopic anatomy), ureteres, bladder and urethra. Endocrine system: morphofuncitonal anatomy of endocrine glands. Male and female genital system: (macro and microscopic anatomy). General organization of the central (medulla, encephalon) and peripheral (spinal and cranial nerves) system. Sensory and motor pathways.
1) Physiology of the nervous system:
- Structure and characteristics of the nerve cell.
- The action potential.
- Synapses and receptors.
- Somatic sensitivity and receptors (the Pacini corpuscle).
- Organization of somatic systems.
- Organization of engine systems.
- Spinal reflexes.
-Organization of motor and sensory cortices. Somatotopy.
2) Cardiovascular system:
-The properties of the myocardium: autorimitmicità, conductivity, excitability, contractility.
- Elements of cardiac electrophysiology: ionic theories of resting potential and action potential.
-L'Elettrocardiogramma.
- Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle.
- Cardiac output and pulse volume.
- The intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of cardiac activity.
- The vascular system.
- Blood pressure.
3) Respiratory system:
- The rib cage and the respiratory muscles.
- Volumes and lung capacity.
- Respiratory mechanics.
- The alveolus-capillary exchanges of gases. Gas exchange in tissues.
- Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
4) Gastrointestinal system
- Mechanisms of nervous and hormonal control of gastrointestinal functions. - Motility of the digestive system: chewing, swallowing, gastric and intestinal motility, defecation.
- Digestive system secretions: saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile.
-Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and vitamins
5) Urinary system:
-The kidney. Structure / operation report. Blood spraying.
- Glomerular filtration.
- Tubular secretion and absorption in the different segments.
- Regulation of the hydro-saline balance.
Bibliography
Anatomia Umana - Elementi - con istituzioni di Istologia Edi-ermes 2019
Fondamenti Fisiologia dell’Uomo. Edi-Ermes.
Stanfield - Fisiologia. Edi SES
Vander - Fisiologia. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Teaching methods
Formal lectures
Assessment methods and criteria
Written test with multiple choices
Other information
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2030 agenda goals for sustainable development
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