Learning objectives
Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will learn the theoretical principles principles of Applied Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. The student will therefore have to possessadvanced and applicative knowledge related to the heat transfer phenomena with reference to conduction, convection even in the presence of phase change and also in the presence of complex rheology fluids.
Applying knowledge and understanding:The student will acquire applicative knowledge, especially in relation to fluid flow and mass and heat transfer in the engineering field and will acquire the basic tools to deal with autonomy and critical sense the design choices aimed at the sizing of heat exchange equipment. .Making judgments:
By the end of the course the student will have the tools to critically evaluate the design choices in the field of heat transfer equipments.Communication skills:Through the frontal lessons and the assistance of the teacher, the student acquires the specific vocabulary inherent to Engineering Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. The student must possess the ability to present clearly the procedure
adopted in the design of heat transfer equioments.Learning skills: The student who has attended the course will be able to deepen his knowledge of engineering heat transfer and fluid flow through the autonomous consultation of specialized books, scientific or divulgative journals, even outside the topics explained during lectures also in view of the entrance in a job environment or in a third level course.
Prerequisites
To follow the course with profit requires knowledge of the basic concepts of Applied Physics.
Course unit content
The course aims to provide the students with advanced, applicative and design knowledge on heat transfer and fluid flow and heat transfer equipments. During the course theoretical lessons are coupled to exercise activity. The theory lectures cover the following subjects: Steady and un steady heat conduction. Convection. Mass Transport. Analogy between the transport of energy, mass and momentum. Heat transfer in boiling and condensation. Convective heat transfer enhancement. Heat exchangers. Rheology and non_Newtonian fluids.
The practical lessons are integral part of the course and they are dedicated to numerical exercises that provide the opportunity to apply the skills and knowledge acquired in the course.
Full programme
Heat conduction.
Steady-state heat conduction in one-dimensional systems. Finned surfaces. Heat conduction in two-dimensional systems. Finite difference formulation of the Fourier equation.
Unsteady heat conduction. Non dimensional form of the Fourier equation and of its boundary conditions: Fourier number, Biot number; limiting cases for large and small Biot, any Biot case: infinite flat plate, infinite
cylinder, sphere, finite-dimensional solids: box and cylinder. Computational Thermal Fluid Dynamics
Convection.
Principles of convection. The boundary layers equations. External flow. The flat plate in parallel flow. The cylinder and the sphere in cross flow. Flow across banks of tubes. Internal flow. Hydrodynamic and thermal considerations. The energy balance: constant surface heat flux and constant surface temperature. Laminar flow in circular tubes. Convection correlations. Noncircular tubes.
Free convention
Physical consideration. The governing equations. External free convection: the vertical plate, inclined and horizontal plates, the long horizontal cylinder, the sphere. Empirical correlations. Free convention within channels. Vertical and inclined channels. Empirical correlations. Enclosures. Rectangular cavities, concentric cylinders and spheres. Empirical correlations. Combined free and forced convection.
Mass transfer
Fick's law. Mass diffusion coefficient. The conservation of chemical species. Dimensional analysis. Schmidt number. Diffusion through a stationary medium. Boundary conditions. Mass transfer coefficient.
Sherwood number.
Analogy between momentum, energy and mass transfer.
Reynolds analogy. Chilton-Colburn analogy. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Evaporative cooling. The wet-and dry-bulb psychrometer.
Boiling and Condensation
Dimensionless parameters in boiling and condensation. Pool boiling. The boiling curve. Pool boiling correlations. Nucleate pool boiling, critical heat flux, minimum heat flux, film pool boiling. Forced convection boiling. Condensation. Laminar film condensation on a vertical plate. Turbulent film condensation. Film condensation on radial systems. Dropwise condensation.
Heat transfer enhancement
Principles of enhanced heat transfer. The enhancement techniques. Passive techniques. Active techniques. Benefits of enhancement. Plate and fin extended surfaces. Externally finned tubes. Insert devices for
single-phase flow. Internally finned tubes and annuli. Integral roughness.
Heat Exchangers
Heat exchanger types. The overall heat transfer coefficient. Heat exchanger analysis. The log mean temperature difference method. The parallel and counter flow heat exchanger. Multipass and cross flow heat
exchangers. The effectiveness NTU method. Compact heat exchangers.
Rheology
General concepts of rheology. Generalized treatment of Non-Newtonian fluids. Non-Newtonian models: Bingham, shear thickening, shear thinning, power law. Rheological measurement. The capillary tube rheometer and the rotational viscometer. Laminar fully developed velocity profile of a power law fluid within a circular tube. Generalized Reynolds number. Turbulent flow regime. Dodge and Metzner correlation. Convective heat transfer to power law fluids.
Bibliography
The notes of the lectures and exercises, and all the supporting material are available to students and shared on Elly platform. In addition to the shared material, the student can personally study some of the topics discussed during the course in the following books: F. P. INCOPRERA, D P DE WITT: " Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer ", John Wiley & Sons, New York.
A. BEJAN: “Heat Transfer”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
R.K. SHAH, A.L. LONDON, “Laminar flow forced convection in ducts”, Academic Press, 1978.
Teaching methods
The course counts 9 CFUs (one CFU, University Credits equals one ECTS credit and represents the workload of a student during educational activities aimed at passing the exams), which corresponds to 72 hours of lectures. The didactic activities are composed of frontal lessons (48 hours) coupled with exercises (24 hours). The theoretical part of the course is illustrated by frontal lessons. The part devoted to the exercise activity also involves an activity carried out by the students themselves, followed by the elaboration and discussion of the results. The notes and texts of the proposed exercises/tutorials will be uploaded to the Elly platform.
To download the material you need to apply to the online course on the same platform.
If conditions are favorable, seminars, held by R&D managers of companies, are additionally proposed to the students with the aim of reporting concrete experiences of real case studies in the field of the heat transfer apparatuses design.
Assessment methods and criteria
The exam is based on an oral test preceded by a written test requiring resolution of one or more exercises. The correct resolution of at least 50% of the exercises proposed in the test is an admission constraint to the oral exam. In the oral exam the correct and complete response to the theoretical questions and exposure property are evaluaterd.
In the written test, reference texts, thermodynamic tables and lessons notes can be consulted.
The results of the written test is communicated within a few days after the test itself, through publication on Esse3 Platform; The final vote, that consider the vote of the written test (max 10 points) and of the oral test (max 20 points) shall be communicated immediately at the end of the oral exam before the registration.
The Laude is added in case of excellent score in each item (written test and oral exam) and in case of particular communicative and speaking ability with reference to the specific field.
Please note that online registration is compulsory for the written test; Different dates are proposed for the oral exam depending on the students' requests.
During the course, partial, formative tests are given, useful for monitoring the achieving of the learning goals and for providing feedback to students before the official call. The dates of the partial tests will be communicated by the teacher during the lessons.
Other information
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