Learning objectives
LEARNING ENDPOINTS
1 Knowledge and understanding
Systematic description of regional anatomy and morphology of human body, its macro and microscopic features in the different periods of life, organogenesis and phases of development
2 Applying knowledge and understanding
This knowledge must be applied to simple clinical reasoning (case studies)
3 Making judgements
Students are expected to be able to follow a reasonement of functional anatomy
4 Communication skills
Students are expected to use a proper anatomical language
5 Learning skills
Students are expected to be able to summarize a technical text
Prerequisites
Competence in Histology and General Embriology (Cells & Tissues)
Course unit content
Introduction: anatomical terminology, organization of the human body
General information on bones, joints, ligaments, skeletal muscles and fasciae.
General features of the skull. Bones of the skull. Orbital cavity, nasal cavity, buccal cavity, paranasal sinuses
Calvaria: external and internal surface, with references to muscles, fasciae, meninges, venous sinuses.
Base of the skull: internal and external surfaces, with references to the fossa and foramina.
Temporal-mandibular joint. Mimic and masticatory muscles and fasciae.
Atlanto-occipital joint.
Neck: bones and muscles
Arterial and venous blood supply, lymphatic system and somatic and visceral innervations of the skull and neck. Organogenesis of head and neck structure. Reference to clinical anatomy.
Spine: bones, joints, ligaments, extensor muscles, flexors and rotators,
Chest: bones, joints and intrinsic muscles. Diaphragm.
Shoulder girdle: scapula, clavicle, joints and muscles of the shoulder girdle, muscles of the shoulder joint
Hips: bones, joints and muscles of the pelvis. The abdominal wall.
Upper and lower limb: bones, joints, muscles.
Organogenesis of musculo-skeletal system and concepts of metamerism.
Cardio-vascular system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the heart; vascularization and innervation: Morpho-functional, cellular and molecular characteristics of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries); arteries and veins of general and pulmonary circulations. Outline of organogenesis.
Respiratory system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the upper and lower airways, lung and pleurae; vascularization and innervation. Outline of organogenesis.
Lymphatic vascular system: topography of the lymphatic drainage; macro- and microscopic, molecular and functional anatomy of hemopoietic organs (bone marrow) and primary and secondary lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes with vascularization and innervation).
Urinary System: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the kidney; vascularization and innervation. Cytology and molecular anatomy of the nephron; topography and structure of the ureter, bladder and urethra. Outline of organogenesis.
Digestive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract and related glands; vascularization and innervation. Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. Outline of organogenesis.
Reproductive System: Female reproductive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the ovary, uterine tube, uterus and vagina; morphological and functional aspects of the uterine and ovarian cycles; vascularization and innervation. Male reproductive system: morphology and structure of the testis, epididymis, prostate and ductal system; vascularization and innervation. Perineum and genitalia. Outline of organogenesis.
Endocrine System: morphology, architecture and structure of the endocrine glands: hypophysis, epiphysis, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, paraganglia, endocrine pancreas, chromaffin system and widespread neuroendocrine system; vascularization and innervation. Outline of organogenesis.
The peripheral nervous system: general organization. Macroscopic anatomy with functional correlations and innervation territories.
Full programme
Introduction: anatomical terminology, organization of the human body
General information on bones, joints, ligaments, skeletal muscles and fasciae.
General features of the skull. Skull bones. Orbital cavity, nasal cavity, buccal cavity, paranasal sinuses
Calvaria: external and internal surface, with references to muscles, fasciae, meninges, venous sinuses.
Skull base: internal and external surfaces, with references to the fossa and foramina. Temporal-mandibular joint. Mimic and masticatory muscles and fasciae.
Atlanto-occipital joint.
Neck: bones and muscles
Arterial and venous blood supply, lymphatic system and somatic and visceral innervations of the skull and neck. Organogenesis of head and neck structure. Reference to clinical anatomy.
Spine: bones, joints, ligaments, extensor muscles, flexors and rotators,
Chest: bones, joints and intrinsic muscles. Diaphragm.
Shoulder girdle: scapula, clavicle, joints and muscles of the shoulder girdle, muscles of the shoulder joint
Hips: bones, joints and muscles of the pelvis. The abdominal wall.
Upper and lower limb: bones, joints, muscles.
Organogenesis of musculo-skeletal system and concepts of metamerism.
Cardio-vascular system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the heart; morpho-functional, cellular and molecular characteristics of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries); arteries and veins of general and pulmonary circulations. Outline of organogenesis.
Respiratory system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the upper and lower airways, lung and pleurae. Outline of organogenesis.
Lymphatic vascular system: topography of the lymphatic drainage; macro- and microscopic, molecular and functional anatomy of hemopoietic organs (bone marrow) and primary and secondary lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes).
Urinary System: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the kidney, cytology and molecular anatomy of the nephron; topography and structure of the ureter, bladder and urethra. Outline of organogenesis.
Digestive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract and related glands. Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. Outline of organogenesis.
Reproductive System: Female reproductive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the ovary, uterine tube, uterus and vagina; morphological and functional aspects of the uterine and ovarian cycles. Male reproductive system: morphology and structure of the testis, epididymis, prostate and ductal system. Genitalia. Outline of organogenesis.
Endocrine System: morphology, architecture and structure of the endocrine glands: hypophysis, epiphysis, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, paraganglia, endocrine pancreas, chromaffin system and widespread neuroendocrine system. Outline of organogenesis.
Neuroanatomy: general organization of the nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: macroscopic anatomy with functional correlations and innervation territories.
Bibliography
Human Anatomy - Edi-ermes, Anastasi et al.
Gray's Anatomy - The anatomical bases of the clinical practice. International Edition, 42nd Edition - Elsevier
Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, Elsevier
Teaching methods
Lectures will be held on-site in compliance with safety standards. Supporting material will be available on the specific, student-reserved platform (Elly course code 5074).
Assessment methods and criteria
Oral examination.
Students with DSA/BSE must contact the University's Reception and Inclusion Centre (CAI) in advance and follow the CAI's instructions for any requests for personalised examinations (https://www.cai.unipr.it/).
Other information
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2030 agenda goals for sustainable development
3 & 4
