HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND THE VISUAL SYSTEM
cod. 1004819

Academic year 2016/17
1° year of course - Second semester
Professor responsible for the course unit
Giuseppe LUPPINO
integrated course unit
6 credits
hub: PARMA
course unit
in - - -

Course unit structured in the following modules:

Learning objectives

At the end of the course the student:
Knows and understands the mechanisms at the basis of cellular and tissue homeostasis, on transport and communication mechanisms and on resting metabolic rate.
Knows and understands the the functions of the different organs and apparata, their dynamis integration and the general mechanisms of control of their functions.
Knows and understands the physiology of visual system and of some visual submodalities
Is able to apply this knowledge to physiopathological examples.

Prerequisites

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Course unit content

The course will focus on arguments of General physiology Physiology of organs and apparata; Eye physiology and Neurophysiology of the visual system

Full programme

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
The cell membrane
Cell membrane structure; membrane proteins; transport mechanisms across membranes.
Electrical properties of membranes
Electrochemical gradients; passive and active ion channels; resting membrane potential; passive electrical properties of the membrane; action potential, genesis and conduction; classification of nerve fibers.
Synaptic mechanisms
Electrical and chemical synapses; neuromuscular transmission; synapses in the central nervous system, neurotransmitters; receptors.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Autonomic nervous system; vegetative reflexes

MUSCLE
Muscular tissue; organization of the skeletal muscular tissue, contraction; excitation-contraction coupling; types of contraction; muscle performance: single muscle fiber, motor unit.

HEART AND BLOOD CIRCULATION
Physical principles of hemodynamics; blood physical properties; properties of the heart muscle: autogeneration of action potentials, conduction of action potentials, excitability, contraction; electrophysiology of the heart muscle; mechanical events of the cardiac cycle; cardiac output; regulation of heart functions; circulation system; vasomotor regulation; arterial blood pressure; venous blood pressure and venous blood return

RESPIRATION
Physical properties of gases; functional anatomy of the lungs; lung volumes and total lung capacity; mechanics of external respiration; lung compliance; respiratory resistances; Inhaled, alveolar and exhaled air; gases exchanges through the alveolo-capillary barrier; gases transport in the blood; blood flow through the lungs; ventilation-perfusion relationships; regulation of respiration.

KIDNEY
Functional anatomy; blood flow through the kidney; glomerulus and glomerular filtration; tubular reabsorption and secretion; clearance; urinary constituents; regulation of the kidney functions; micturition.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Functional anatomy; hormonal and nervous control of digestive functions; motility of digestive tract: mastication, deglutition, gastric and intestinal motility; defecation; secretive functions: salivary, gastric, intestinal, pancreatic and bile; digestive and absorption processes.

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM
Anatomy and physiology of the retina. Functions of photoreceptors, bipolar and ganglion cells. Anatomy and physiology of visual pathways: superior colliculus, nuclear geniculate body, visual cortex. Magno- and parvocellular pathway. Simple and complex cells. Modular organization of V1. Higher order visual areas: perception of color, movement and shape.

Bibliography

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Teaching methods

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Assessment methods and criteria

The examination is oral and will aim to verify the knowledge of the students on the content of the course and the capacity of applying this knowledge to physiopathological examples.

Other information

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2030 agenda goals for sustainable development

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