HUMAN ANATOMY & ORGANOGENESIS
cod. 1009724

Academic year 2022/23
1° year of course - Second semester
Professor
- Elena MASSELLI - Marco VITALE
Academic discipline
Anatomia umana (BIO/16)
Field
Morfologia umana
Type of training activity
Basic
120 hours
of face-to-face activities
12 credits
hub: PIACENZA
course unit
in ENGLISH

Learning objectives

LEARNING ENDPOINTS
1 Knowledge and understanding
Systematic description of regional anatomy and morphology of human body, its macro and microscopic features in the different periods of life, organogenesis and phases of development

2 Applying knowledge and understanding
This knowledge must be applied to simple clinical reasoning (case studies)

3 Making judgements
Students are expected to be able to follow a reasonement of functional anatomy
4 Communication skills
Students are expected to use a proper anatomical language

5 Learning skills
Students are expected to be able to summarize a technical text

Prerequisites

Competence in Histology and General Embriology (Cells & Tissues)

Course unit content

Introduction: anatomical terminology, organization of the human body

General information on bones, joints, ligaments, skeletal muscles and fasciae.

General features of the skull. Skull bones. Orbital cavity, nasal cavity, buccal cavity, paranasal sinuses
Calvaria: external and internal surface, with references to muscles, fasciae, meninges, venous sinuses.
Skull base: internal and external surfaces, with references to the fossa and foramina. Temporal-mandibular joint. Mimic and masticatory muscles and fasciae.
Atlanto-occipital joint.

Neck: bones and muscles

Arterial and venous blood supply, lymphatic system and somatic and visceral innervations of the skull and neck. Organogenesis of head and neck structure. Reference to clinical anatomy.

Spine: bones, joints, ligaments, extensor muscles, flexors and rotators,

Chest: bones, joints and intrinsic muscles. Diaphragm.

Shoulder girdle: scapula, clavicle, joints and muscles of the shoulder girdle, muscles of the shoulder joint

Hips: bones, joints and muscles of the pelvis. The abdominal wall.

Upper and lower limb: bones, joints, muscles.

Organogenesis of musculo-skeletal system and concepts of metamerism.

Cardio-vascular system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the heart; morpho-functional, cellular and molecular characteristics of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries); arteries and veins of general and pulmonary circulations. Outline of organogenesis.

Respiratory system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the upper and lower airways, lung and pleurae. Outline of organogenesis.

Lymphatic vascular system: topography of the lymphatic drainage; macro- and microscopic, molecular and functional anatomy of hemopoietic organs (bone marrow) and primary and secondary lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes).

Urinary System: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the kidney, cytology and molecular anatomy of the nephron; topography and structure of the ureter, bladder and urethra. Outline of organogenesis.

Digestive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract and related glands. Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. Outline of organogenesis.

Reproductive System: Female reproductive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the ovary, uterine tube, uterus and vagina; morphological and functional aspects of the uterine and ovarian cycles. Male reproductive system: morphology and structure of the testis, epididymis, prostate and ductal system. Genitalia. Outline of organogenesis.

Endocrine System: morphology, architecture and structure of the endocrine glands: hypophysis, epiphysis, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, paraganglia, endocrine pancreas, chromaffin system and widespread neuroendocrine system. Outline of organogenesis.

Neuroanatomy: general organization of the nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: macroscopic anatomy with functional correlations and innervation territories.

Full programme

Introduction: anatomical terminology, organization of the human body

General information on bones, joints, ligaments, skeletal muscles and fasciae.

General features of the skull. Skull bones. Orbital cavity, nasal cavity, buccal cavity, paranasal sinuses
Calvaria: external and internal surface, with references to muscles, fasciae, meninges, venous sinuses.
Skull base: internal and external surfaces, with references to the fossa and foramina. Temporal-mandibular joint. Mimic and masticatory muscles and fasciae.
Atlanto-occipital joint.

Neck: bones and muscles

Arterial and venous blood supply, lymphatic system and somatic and visceral innervations of the skull and neck. Organogenesis of head and neck structure. Reference to clinical anatomy.

Spine: bones, joints, ligaments, extensor muscles, flexors and rotators,

Chest: bones, joints and intrinsic muscles. Diaphragm.

Shoulder girdle: scapula, clavicle, joints and muscles of the shoulder girdle, muscles of the shoulder joint

Hips: bones, joints and muscles of the pelvis. The abdominal wall.

Upper and lower limb: bones, joints, muscles.

Organogenesis of musculo-skeletal system and concepts of metamerism.

Cardio-vascular system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the heart; morpho-functional, cellular and molecular characteristics of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries); arteries and veins of general and pulmonary circulations. Outline of organogenesis.

Respiratory system: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the upper and lower airways, lung and pleurae. Outline of organogenesis.

Lymphatic vascular system: topography of the lymphatic drainage; macro- and microscopic, molecular and functional anatomy of hemopoietic organs (bone marrow) and primary and secondary lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes).

Urinary System: macro- and microscopic anatomy of the kidney, cytology and molecular anatomy of the nephron; topography and structure of the ureter, bladder and urethra. Outline of organogenesis.

Digestive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract and related glands. Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity. Outline of organogenesis.

Reproductive System: Female reproductive system: macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the ovary, uterine tube, uterus and vagina; morphological and functional aspects of the uterine and ovarian cycles. Male reproductive system: morphology and structure of the testis, epididymis, prostate and ductal system. Genitalia. Outline of organogenesis.

Endocrine System: morphology, architecture and structure of the endocrine glands: hypophysis, epiphysis, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, paraganglia, endocrine pancreas, chromaffin system and widespread neuroendocrine system. Outline of organogenesis.

Neuroanatomy: general organization of the nervous system. The peripheral nervous system: macroscopic anatomy with functional correlations and innervation territories.

Bibliography

Human Anatomy - Edi-ermes, Anastasi et al.

Gray's Anatomy - The anatomical bases of the clinical practice. International Edition, 42nd Edition - Elsevier

Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, Elsevier

Teaching methods

Lectures will be held on-site in compliance with safety standards, provided that further instructions on the ongoing health emergency are not implemented. Supporting material will be available on the specific, student-reserved platform (Elly) and will include slide presentations, audio-video aids or video-recording of the lectures.

Assessment methods and criteria

Oral examination

Other information

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