Learning objectives
The target of the course is to allow the student to know and to understand the essential elements of the tissues and organs structure. The student will utilize knowledge and understanding for Anatomy and Physiology future study.
At the end of the course the student will demonstrate knowledge and understanding about: Cell structute and organization, Tissue structure and organization, Multi tissutal units structure and organization.
The students will be given articles that expand the specific theme described during the lessons together with the slides used by the teacher.
The objective of this course is to give students notions on the origin of cell stemness and specifically of the pluripotency. At the end of the course, students will be able to discuss critically the molecular bases of cell differentiation during preimplantation development. Moreover at the end of the course, students will be aquire knowledge and understanding applying knowledge or learning skills to discuss critically the molecular bases of cell differentiation
Prerequisites
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Course unit content
In the first part of the course will be developed the functional and structural aspects of living substance and its capability of aggregations to form cells. Successively will be illustrated the structural and functional aspects of the different cells. In the second part of the course will be analyzed the modality of development of the cells toward the embryonic development. In the third part of the course the structural and functional aspects of the different tissues will be analyzed together with their capacity of aggregation on form multi tissue units and organs. Stem cells origin and differentiation. The development o Organs and Systems
Full programme
The cell. Chemical and physical aspects. biological properties
The extracellular matrix. Chemical and physical aspects. Biological properties. Morpho-functional
The cell as a thermodynamic system. The cell system as planned. The cell as a chemical environment. The cell as a physical environment. The bacterial cell. The plant cell. The animal cell
The supracellular units. The fabrics. Organs. The apparatus and systems
Fundamentals of technology. Analytical methods and biochemical methods histochemical investigation. Microscopy investigation of the morphology. The microscopes. Utility and technical limitations of the various microscopes. The histological stable. Preparation of histological stable
Principles of reading a histological preparation
The biomolecules. Morpho-functional aspects and location, humans, water, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
The supramolecular complexes. Stable supramolecular complexes. Labile supramolecular complexes.
The organs and systems of the cell. The cytoplasmic matrix. The cell periphery. The nucleus. Ribosomal subunits, ribosomes, polysomes and endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi complex. The complexes endosomal. The vesicles and vacuoles. The peroxisomes. The mitochondria. Centrosome, mitotic spindle and asters
The cell cycle. The mitotic cell cycle. The meiotic cell cycle. Cell cycle kinetics
Cell senescence. The cell death
Somatic cells and germ cells
Stem cells and differentiated cells. The cell populations.
Embryonic development. The stages of development. Differentiation and growth
Morphological aspects of development. The week of development. II week of development. III week of development. IV week of development. II-III months of development. II-III trimester of development. Genetics of morphogenesis
Development of major organ systems and organs
Biological aspects of development. The factors of development. The microenvironment. The induction. The determination. the differentiation
Bibliography
NM Maraldi et al. Istologia Medica; Casa Editrice Edi Ermes
NM Maraldi et al. Biologia - Citologia Medica; Casa Editrice Edi Ermes
R Di Primio et al
Istologia Umana
Ed. Idelson
Teaching methods
Front Lessons
Optical Microscope practice for small groups.
Before each new lesson, the teacher will first summarise then check whether the previous topics have been well understood through an interactive discussion with the students.
Assessment methods and criteria
To evaluate the achievement of the estimated goals, a multiple choiche test examination will be performed. Questions regarding the content of the course will be employed to evaluate the reaching of the knowledge and understanding of the contents: The capacity of recognition of an histological sample will be valuated.
A final multiple choiche test embedded with the exam of histology, during which the student wil be asked three questions on topics discussed during the course. Not only will be evaluated the understanding of a specific topic valued, but also the capacity of the student to trace, using the appropriate language, those links necessary to the understanding of the biological phenomenon described.To evaluate the achievement of the estimated goals, a multiple choiche test examination will be performed. Questions regarding the content of the course will be employed to evaluate the reaching of the knowledge and understanding of the contents: The capacity of recognition of an histological sample will be valuated.
Other information
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