Learning objectives
Knowledge and ability to understand
The aim of Design course is to make students engineers able to understanding normatively correct representations of typical architecture and civil engineering objects, by reading technical drawings and maps based on knowledge of three-dimensional geometric models of Descriptive Geometry.
Skills
Another goal is to obtain the ability to apply knowledge gained on the geometrical patterns in translation of the same in normatively correct representations of architectural and engineering issues dealt with.
Making judgments
At the exam the student must have developed the ability to critically evaluate which methods are the most suitable in projective representation of specific topics of architecture and civil engineering.
Communication skills
During the course, study and application of different methods of representation, through Descriptive Geometry, allow you to develop the graphic language and the expressiveness of student in their specific fields of civil engineering and building systems that inherent in the way particular, developing their ability to communicate by means of graphical representation of typical technical disciplines.
Learning skills
The activities carried out at home, together with the final work required, are designed to introduce students to correct use of projective methods and application of appropriate standards: the student should have acquired the knowledge and basic skills of discipline to deal with, hereafter, a study of these aspects indipendently.
Prerequisites
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Course unit content
The course is conducted through theoretical lectures the content of which is essentially composed of Descriptive Geometry themes to provide an understanding of the various projective modalities by which it is possible to develop designs, also inorder to render uniform the expressive abilities of students from different secondary and advanced didactic backgrounds.
To provide continuous and progressive learning of the systems of representation, some individual exercises will be parallelly and concurrently assigned, which will consist in the elaboration of graphic plates, to be continuously corrected, and which themes will follow exactly those of the lectures in order to verify learning of the methods of representation.
In detail, the lectures revolve around the following subject matter:
The geometries of the plane; The principal graphic constructions of the plane.
Orthogonal Projections: The representation of basic geometric entities; Conditions of belonging, parallelism and orthogonality; Points, lines and planes in particular positions.Reversals of particular and generic planes. True size of plane figures.
Orthogonal projections: problems of measurement and Intersections.
Dimensioned Projections: basic concepts; geometrical conditions of belonging, orthonogality, parallelism; metric problems. Dimensioned plane, level curve plane.
Parallel or axonometric projections: Pohlke’s theorem; Orthogonal and Oblique axonometry; Representation basic geometric entities; Conditions of appearance, parallelism; Intersection.
Central or perspective projection: theoretical outlines and terminology; Central Perspective; Accidental Perspective.
Homological Applications: Homological elements: centre, axis, couples of corresponding entitie.; Types of homology: perspectivism - affinity - similarity (homothecy) - Translation. Homological applications.
The theory of shadows. Applications in orthogonal projections, axonometries and perspectives.
The exercises will be done with traditional graphical tools (A3 white paper - 42.00 x 29.70 cm -, pencils, graduated right angles, compass, French curve, erasers, etc.).
The graphic drawings will be collected weekly in the classroom and will be corrected and assessed by the professor. All designs will be collected from the students and presented at the final exam.
At the end of lectures on descriptive geometry, a classroom ex tempore test will be effected on the content of these lectures.
Simultaneously, some papers will be presented regarding the applicative implications of different projection methods, concerning the representation of typical civil engineering subjects at different scales of representation to make students able to graphically express the contents of subsequent courses, focusing on human achievements in the constructional field.
In detail, the lectures will be structured as follows:
architectural scale drawing;
working design and installations scale drawing;
territory scale drawing;
urban scale drawing.
As feedback from these lectures, some graphic plates will be realised by students, again using traditional design instruments, relating to the representation of building structures on different reduction scales.
Also required will be the realisation of a final exercise which envisages the application of the concepts learned relating to the principles of building representation on different scales of a building previously agreed upon with the professor.
The building elements must be represented on different scales of representation and will be composed strictly on graphics plate, in A3 size (42 x 29,7 cm), horizontally positioned; the representation technique to be used for the preparation of this final drawing to be presented at the examination, is necessarily that of traditional hand drawing.
Full programme
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Bibliography
On Descriptive Geometry:
M. Bocconcino, A. Osello, C. Vernizzi: “Disegno e Geometria”, collana “Il Disegno e l’Ingegnere”, Levrotto e Bella, Torino, 2006.
M. Docci, M. Gaiani, D. Maestri: “Scienza del Disegno”, Cittàstudi edizioni, De Agostini Scuola S.p.A., Novara, 2017
On Architectural Design:
M. Bocconcino, A. Osello, C. Vernizzi, A. Zerbi: “Il disegno del territorio, della città e dell’architettura: applicazioni per allievi ingegneri e architetti”, collana “Il Disegno e l’Ingegnere”, Levrotto e Bella, Torino, 2010.
C. Vernizzi, “Il Disegno in Pier Luigi Nervi. Dal dettaglio della materia alla percezione dello spazio.” N. 05 Collana RRR, Edizioni Mattioli 1885, Fidenza (PR), 2011
Teaching methods
The course is conducted through theoretical lectures the content of which is essentially composed of Descriptive Geometry themes to provide an understanding of the various projective modalities by which it is possible to develop designs (orthogonal projections, dimensioned projections, parallel or axonometric projection, central projection or perspective and homological applications among the various projection methods), also in order to render uniform the expressive abilities of students from different secondary and advanced didactic backgrounds.
To provide continuous and progressive learning of the systems of representation, some individual exercises will be parallelly and concurrently assigned (that the student will autonomously carry out at home), which will consist in the elaboration of graphic plates, to be continuously corrected, and which themes will follow exactly those of the lectures in order to verify learning of the methods of representation.
The exercises will be done with traditional graphical tools on A3 white paper ( 42.00 x 29.70 cm), by pencils, graduated right angles, compass, French curve, erasers,, and the exercise themes will be:
1. Graphic Constructions
2. The basic elements and plane figures in orthogonal projection
3. Solids in orthogonal projection
4. The genesis of the planimetry
5. The genesis of the elevation and section
6. Orthogonal and oblique axonometries
7. Perspectives: Central, accidental, rational
8. Homological applications
9. The theory of shadows: applications in the various projective methods
The graphic plates will be collected weekly in the classroom and will be corrected and assessed by the professor.
All designs will be collected from the students and presented at the final exam.
At the end of the lessons on topics of Orthogonal Projections will be made in the courtroom an ex tempore on this subject; at th end of the lessons on topics of Axonometric and Prerspective another ex tempore will be done in classroom on this subjects.
Overcoming both written tests is a necessary condition for admission exam.
In addition to the tables on the topics of Descriptive Geometry, will be made by the students some graphics boards (n.4 and n. 5), again using traditional drawing tools, on representation of building structures at different levels of reduction.
Also required will be the realisation of a final exercise which envisages the application of the concepts learned relating to the principles of construction representation on different scales, finalised by the realisation of an urban framework, of the object in the context, as well as the layout of plants, the prospects, the sections, of an axonometric drawing, a perspective and a particular building construction or of a ccomplex of buildings, previously agreed upon with the professor.
The building elements must be represented on different scales of representation and will be composed strictly on album graphics plate, in A3 size (42 x 29.7 cm), horizontally positioned; the scale of the plants, elevations and sections must be at 1:100, consequently the level of definition of the designs must be congruent with the chosen scale; the levels of graphical language specifications will be, however, provided by the faculty.
The representation technique to be used for the preparation of this final plate to be presented at the examination (subject to obligatory review by the faculty), is necessarily that of traditional hand drawing.
Assessment methods and criteria
For students who have, during the course, dealt with Descriptive Geometry graphics plates, as well as successively passed the 2 ex tempore test effected during the semester, the examination will be oral and will focus on the contents of the lectures held on a discussion of the final research plate that has previously been agreed upon with the professor on the redesign of a building, as well as related issues inherent in Civil Design.
The students who do not sit or do not pass the ex tempore tests, must sit a written test, still concerning the contents of Descriptive Geometry (the plates of which are in any event to be realised) for admission to the final oral examination that will cover the contents of lectures conducted on a discussion of the final plate on the redesign of a building, previously agreed upon with the faculty, as well as related issues inherent in Civil Design.
Written tests 40% divided as follows
Explanation of theoretical aspects (knowledge)
Graphic applications (competence)
Autonomous choice of representation mode
(Judgement)
Prepare projects 60% divided as follows
Explanation of theoretical aspects (knowledge)
Graphic applications (competence)
Autonomous choice of representation mode
(Judgement)
In the event that it is not possible to carry out the written tests in the presence (both those in itinere and the final one), the oral exam will take place in oral form, through the direct resolution of a series of exercises on the topics of Descriptive Geometry assigned by the teacher .
Other information
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2030 agenda goals for sustainable development
This teaching contributes to the realisation of the UN goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: 4,9, 11
