Learning objectives
To give the basic notions about <br />
- the technological process <br />
- the origin of the drugs <br />
- the chemistry of the active compounds <br />
- the pharmacological activity and the therapeutic applications of some of the main drugs
Course unit content
GENERALITIES <br />
<br />
Medicinal plant and crude drug. <br />
Phytocomplex and active compounds. Interactions. <br />
Toxicity of natural preparations. <br />
Basics of general pharmacology: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic <br />
Traditional medicine and phytotherapy. <br />
Technology of natural medical products: <br />
- harvesting, drying, grinding, squeezing, enfleurage, distillation, extraction. <br />
Drug acquisition and preservation. <br />
Galenical preparations. <br />
<br />
VEGETAL ACTIVE PRINCIPLES: <br />
- glycosides (cardioactive, cyanogenics, sulphurated, antraquinones, saponins). <br />
- alkaloids: purinergics, tropanics, benzylisoquinolics, indolics, quinolinics. <br />
- lipids: oils, fats, waxes. <br />
- phenilpropanoids: flavonoids, lignans, tannins. <br />
- terpenes: essences, resins, balms. <br />
- carbohydrates: mono/polysacchrides, gums, mucilages, pectins. <br />
<br />
<br />
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS <br />
<br />
Drugs acting on gastrointestinal system <br />
- <em>Aloe</em> spp, <em>Matricaria recutita, Althaea officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Illicium verum. </em><br />
- Constipation: manna, <em>Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnus purshiana, Cassia</em> spp, <em>Aloe</em> spp, <em>Rheum</em> spp. <br />
<br />
Drugs acting on CNS <br />
- Stimolants: <em>Coffea arabica, Thea sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Cola spp, Ilex paraguayensis, Paullinia cupana </em><br />
<br />
Drugs acting on cardiovascular system <br />
- Antihyperlipidemic plants: <em>Cynara scolimus, Allium sativum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Commiphora mukul. </em><br />
- Peripheral vascular disorders : <em>Aesculus hippocastanum, Cupressus sempervirens, Hamamelis virginiana, Vaccinium myrtillus, Melilotus officinalis, Ruscus aculeatus </em><br />
<br />
Drugs acting on respiratory system <br />
- saponins: <em>Marrubium vulgare,Hedera helix, Poligala senega. </em><br />
- essences: <em>Eucaliptus globulus, Melaleuca spp, Menta piperita, Lavandula officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, <br />
Foeniculum vulgare, Myroxylon pereire, Myroxylon balsamum. </em><br />
- mucilages: <em>Plantago lanceolata, Althaea officinalis. </em>
Bibliography
M.Tognolini, M.Chiavarini - Principi di Farmacognosia e Fitoterapia - UNINOVA
