Learning objectives
At the end of this course:
1. Students should have a knowledge and understanding of biological facts, terms, principles, concepts, relationships and experimental techniques and of the correlation between structure and function at the different organizational levels.
2. Students should be able to apply an evolutionary perspective to interpreting the biological phenomena at different levels of organization (molecular, cellular, organismic) and to apply, where possible, their knowledge and understanding of biology and evolution in in medical research and practice.
3. Students will appraise the implication of human evolution for understanding human physiological and pathological responses.
4. Students should acquire a knowledge of genetic principles and develop the ability to read, design and evaluate genetic pedegrees in order to assess the genetic basis of human deseases.
Prerequisites
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Course unit content
The purpose of this course of Biology for Medicine is to give students the ability to learn and appreciate the importance of biological thinking for the cultural background of a medical doctor. The evolutionary approach is the core theme of the present course. In fact the theory of evolution is the unifying core of the biological sciences ranging from molecule activities to behavior of organisms. In this connection the various topics ( focused mainly on animal biology) such as molecular bases of life, cellular biology, genetic, reproduction , animal and human behavior are necessarily approached s with a good knowledge of the mechanisms of evolution. This lecturing program is tailored on the potential professional application of a Medical Doctor which is ranging from the healing of the “body” (eg. Clinical pathology, surgery) as well as of the “psyche” (eg. Clinical psychology . Psychiatry and Neuroendocrinology)
Full programme
BIOLOGY
1.The foundation and core of biological sciences: the theory of evolution
2. Chemistry of life. Biological macromolecules and their functions. Origin and evolution of life on Earth. Prokaryotic cell and the endosymbiontic theory of eukaryotic cell evolution.
3. Cell Biology with particular emphasis on Eukaryotic cell. Structures and functions of cell components. Cell cycle and Mytosis.
4. Sexual reproduction and Meiosis. Cost and benefit of sexual reproduction. Gamete formation and hormonal control in mammals. Adaptive significance of sexual reproduction: sexual selection and parental investment.
5. Genetic. Mendel and the gene idea. Mendelian genetic and its extension. Chromosomal bases of inheritance: Morgan experiments. Sex chromosomes and inheritance of related genes. Chromosomal determination of sex. Examples and exercises. Multifactorial disorders. Molecular bases of inheritance and gene expression: from genes to proteins. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic (the operon) and eukaryotic cells. Epigenetics.
6. Mechanisms of evolution. Darwinian theory and the modern synthesis. Hardy-Weinberg principle and microevolutionary processess. Macroevolution.
7- Evolution of vertebrates. Mammals, Primates and the origin of Hominins. The genus Homo. Brain and language evolution. The social brain hypothesis.
8. Behavioral Biology: proximal and ultimate causes . Instinct and learning: nature vs nurture debate. Genes and behavior. Imprinting and the Attachment theeory. Social behavior . Evolutionary psychology.
9- Darwinian Medicine
GENETICS
1-Classification of the genetic bases of human diseases
2-Classification and effects of mutations
3-Human chromosomes and their numeric and structural anomalies
4-Elements of population genetics
5-Genetic Maps and linkage analysis
6 - Multifactorial diseases and linkage disequilibrium
7-Techniques of genetic and citogenetic analysis
8-Atypic heredity
Bibliography
Campbell & Reece. Principi di Biologia. Pearson
oppure
Solomon et al. Fondamenti di Biologia. Edises
Neri & Genuardi. Genetica Umana Medica. Elsevier Masson ed., 2017.
Thompson & Thompson. Genetica medica. Edises
Teaching methods
The course will be held through lectures to Students either in the classroom (“in presenza”) or in synchronous-streaming (“in telepresenza”) on the Teams platform. Therefore, the opportunity of Student/Teacher interaction will be preserved both face to face and remotely, by the simultaneous use of the Teams platform.
Lectures will be supported by slide presentations, videos annd scientific papers which will be available to students on the Elly platform (https://elly2020.medicina.unipr.it).
Assessment methods and criteria
Exam consists of a
written test composed by multiple choice and free-answer questions, followed by an oral exam. In case of the persistence of the health emergency, the exams will be conducted remotely, as
structured written test by Teams and Elly.
The written tests consists of 60 multiple choice, short-answer or T-F questions, and free-answers tests based on the course contents (reference texts + documents uploaded to Elly during the course). There is no penalty for incorrect answers. The final mark will correspond to the arithmetic average of the assessments obtained in the written tests and in the oral discussion.
Students with SLD / BSE must first contact Le Eli-che: support for students with disabilities, D.S.A., B.E.S. (https://sea.unipr.it/it/servizi/le-eli-che-supporto-studenti-con-disabilita-dsa-bes
The final score is calculated on the basis of the test results.
Other information
All information are posted on the course website on:
https://elly2020.medicina.unipr.it
