Learning objectives
Have a knowledge of basic human needs and be able to recognise objective and subjective data relating to the patient within the nursing process. <br />
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Acquire knowledge on the organisation of teamwork and the integrated medical record. Adopting the main measure for the prevention of hospital infections. <br />
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Carry out first aid manoeuvres and activation of the survival chain
Course unit content
<br />Role and profile of the nurse (Presentation of Nurse’s professional profile Ministerial Decree D.M 739/94) <br />
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs <br />
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Nursing assistance according to the conceptual model of V. Henderson with regard to Needs and that of N. Roper with regard to Activities of Living. <br />
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The Nursing process. Phases of the Nursing process (assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation) ) <br />
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Nursing information tools: <br />
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From the Nursing Record to the Consolidated Record (multiprofessional) <br />
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The graphics, main written notes: PA- PO- FR- parameters -Diuresis –Temperature - Therapeutic prescription. <br />
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Definition of vital parameters : PA PO (normal values and their main alterations) <br />
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Practice in measuring P.A. PO. parameters. <br />
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Hospital Infections: <br />
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Main Precautions for Measuring HIs: hand washing (types of washing) <br />
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Localisation of the HI. <br />
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Urinary tract infections: sources of infection, the most frequent causes, urinary drainage, precautions to be adopted for patients with indwelling bladder catheters and in order to avoid Urinary Tract Infections. <br />
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Infections of the lower respiratory tract: causes of onset. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia prevention measures. (correct use of probes for Bronchoaspiration and Ab Ingestis pneumonia) <br />
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Bacteremia: Intravascular infections ( from C.V.Cs., C.V.P. catheters), sources of infection <br />
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Other localisations: staphylococcus skin infections (Burns department) <br />
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Other Hospital Risk Areas: <br />
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High risk for patients and staff <br />
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Moderate risk <br />
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Low risk <br />
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Classification of medical devices in: <br />
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Critical, semi-critical and non-critical <br />
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Personal protection equipment or barrier clothing: masks, protective glasses and visors, gloves (guidelines for correct use), overgowns, overshoes <br />
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Precautions to be adopted : standard precautions (S) + <br />
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Additional precautions for airborne diseases <br />
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Additional precautions for pulmonary TB <br />
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Precautions for contact transmitted diseases <br />
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Definitions of : Antisepsis, Antiseptic, Asepsis, Bactericide, Bacteriostatic. Contamination, Detergent, Disinfectant, Disinfection, High-Level-Disinfection, Sterility, Aseptic Techniques <br />
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Disinfectants <br />
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Principles for the correct use of disinfectants (Warnings for use) <br />
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Main disinfectants used in the health environment: Glutaraldehyde, Alcohol, Chlorhexidine, Chlorine and its derivatives, Compounds made from Quaternary ammonium , Iodophores, Hydrogent Peroxide <br />
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Elimination : <br />
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Urinary and Faecal (norm, colour and any alterations to be reported) <br />
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The Bladder catheter: <br />
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Precautions to be adopted for patients with indwelling catheters during positioning or moving <br />
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External urine collectors (Pen Flo, condom) <br />
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Gastrointestinal tract: precautions to be adopted for patients with <br />
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Nasogastric tubes (e.g. Post-operative, for Enteral Nutrition), <br />
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Stomies (care and hygiene) <br />
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Brief Observation. The Casualty Department. Handling a patient with a Cardiac Arrest, correct activation of the survival chain, <br />
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practice of BLS (Basic Life Support) according to the I.R.C. guidelines ( A-B-C- of cardiopulmonary resuscitation))
Bibliography
* Bolander, V.R. Sorensen - Luckmann's Il nursing di base. /FONT> <br />
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* Brunner, L.S.; Suddarth, D.S. Il manuale dell'infermiere. Piccin <br />
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* Cavicchioli, A.;Canova, M.; Casson, P.; Pomes, A.; Tronca, A.; Zanella, G. Elementi di base dell'Assistenza Infermieristica. Ambrosiana <br />
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* George, J.B. Le Teorie del Nursing. UTET <br />
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* Juchli, L. L'assistenza generica e specifica al malato in ospedale. Rosini <br />
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* Roper, N.; Logan W.W.; Tierney, A.J. Elementi di nursing. Il Pensiero Scientifico <br />
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* Sorrentino, S.A. Assistenza infermieristica di base: principi e procedure. McGraw-Hill <br />
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* Italian Resuscitation Council, Manuale BLS B <br />
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* Lecture notes provided by the professor
Teaching methods
Theoretical and practical lectures with simulation exercises in the laboratory.
