Learning objectives
The main objective of this course is to give students the basic knowledge of eukaryotic cells, tissues and human organs (with particular emphasis to the acustic and phonetic apparatus), together with the basic knowledge of the mechanisms by which the human organism obtains and maintains the homeostasis at level of cell and tissue, the mechanisms of transport and communication and the basal metabolism. At the end of the course, students will know and will be able to discuss critically on eukaryotic cells organisation, on the intra and inter cellular relationships and on tissue organisation. Also, they will be able to discuss critically and with an appropriate language on the functional mechanisms of the human body organs, the knowledge of their dynamic integration in apparatuses and the general mechanisms of functional control in normal conditions and in particular pathological conditions.
Prerequisites
No
Course unit content
The Course is articulated into three main modules:
Anatomy: Organization of human body: terminology and body plans. Concept of organ, apparatus and system. Locomotion apparatus: general characteristics and classification of bones, joint and muscles. Blood and lymphatic vascular apparata. Morphology and structure of heart. General characteristics of pulmonary and systemic circulation. General characteristics of lymphatic circulation and lymphopoietic organs. Respiratory system: nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx (cartilages, articulations, ligaments and muscles), trachea, bronchi, lungs.
Digestive system: morphology and structure of oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Associated glands: liver, pancreas.Urinary system: morphology and structure of kidney and urinary tract. Endocrine apparatus: general characteristics of structural organization of endocrine glands. Nervous system: organization of central nervous system and its components (spinal cord, encephalic trunk, cerebellum, diencephalon and telencephalon). Main ways of general sensitivity and of motor system. General organization of peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Ear. VIII cranial nerve. Auditory pathway, vestibular pathway.
Physiology: The first part of the course is focused on the mechanisms underlying the general functions of the cells as transports, electrical and chemical communication, mechanical activity, metabolism.
The second part of the course addresses question on the functions of the main apparatus of the body as cardiovascular and pulmonary.
Istology: The module of Istology aims to teach to students the basic knowledge of the cell and its components (plasma membrane, cytoplasm, Golgi's apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitocondria, nucleus), the cell cycle, the stem cells, the processes involved in cell differentiation, the formation and organisation of tissuses.
Full programme
Anatomy: Concept of organ, apparatus and system. Locomotion apparatus: general characteristics and classification of bones, joint and muscles. Blood and lymphatic vascular apparata. Morphology and structure of heart. General characteristics of pulmonary and systemic circulation. General characteristics of lymphatic circulation and lymphopoietic organs. Respiratory system: nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx (cartilages, articulations, ligaments and muscles), trachea, bronchi, lungs.
Digestive system: morphology and structure of oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Associated glands: liver, pancreas.Urinary system: morphology and structure of kidney and urinary tract. Endocrine apparatus: general characteristics of structural organization of endocrine glands. Nervous system: organization of central nervous system and its components (spinal cord, encephalic trunk, cerebellum, diencephalon and telencephalon). Main ways of general sensitivity and of motor system. General organization of peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Ear. VIII cranial nerve. Auditory pathway, vestibular pathway.
Physiology: Properties and functions of cell membranes. Excitation, Conduction and Trasmission of the Nerve impulse. Muscle Excitation and Contraction. Dynamics of the Peripheral Circulation. Electrical Impulse Formation and Conduction of the Heart. The Cardiac Pump. Cardiovascular Control. Uptake and Delivery of the Respiratory Gases. Pulmonary Gas exchange. Mechanisms of Breathing. Control of Ventilation. Acid-base balance.
Histology: The biomolecules and the supramolecular complexes. The protoplasm: structure, energetics and functional aspects. The extracellular matrix: structure and function. The animal cell as chemical and physical environment. The cell organelles and apparati: morphological and functional aspects. The cell cycle and the mechanisms of cell replication. Basic knowledge on staminal cells and differentiated cells. Cell populations. Somatic cells: morphological and functional aspects of the differentiated cytotypes. Germ cells. Tissues.
Bibliography
Anatomy: Artico M. et al. Anatomia umana-Principi; Edi-Ermes, Milano; Ambrosi et al. Anatomia dell'Uomo; Edi-Ermes, Milano.
Physiology: FISIOLOGIA, dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati. E. Carbone, F. Cicirata, G. Aicardi. Ed. EdiSES; W.J. Germann, C.L. Stanfield, FISIOLOGIA UMANA, Ed. EdiSES.
Histology: Materiale didattico fornito dal docente incluse le diapositive del corso. Il testo di riferimento e': R. SCANDROGLIO: LA CELLULA; ED. SCIENTIFICHE OPPICI ; R. SCANDROGLIO: I TESSUTI DEFINITIVI ED. SCIENTIFICHE OPPICI.
Teaching methods
Before each new lesson, the teacher will first summarise then check whether the previous topics have been well understood through an interactive discussion with the students.
Assessment methods and criteria
Besides the short exams described above and performed throughout the course, there will be a final exam during which the student wil be asked questions on topics discussed during the course. Not only will be the understanding of a specific topic valued, but also the capacity of the student to trace those links necessary to the understanding of the istology, anatomy and physiology of the apparatus described.
Other information
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2030 agenda goals for sustainable development
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