Learning objectives
Knowledge of the Colorimetry for the preservation, restoration and illumination of a cultural good.
Prerequisites
no one
Course unit content
Color physics of the non self-luminous objects and physical measurements
- Optical properties and object visual properties. The light and the separation
surface between two media. Light internal in a medium. Fluorescence. Light
scattering.
- Transparent media. Internal transmittance. Total transmittance and total
reflectance.
- Turbid media. Kubelka-Munck model. Saunderson Equation. Many flux models.
- Physical quantities and geometrical standards for the color specification of non
selfluminous objects. Light modulation in reflection and transmission. Gonioapparent
color and physical measurements
Physiology of color vision.
- Human eye. The optical system and the image formation. Chromatic aberrations.
Optical densities of the optical media of the eye.
- retina structure.
- Photoreceptors, pigment properties, Rushton’s univariance principle. Photopic and
scoptopic visions.
- Gamut of light colors. Spectral colors, magenta, white.
- color matching, metamerism, complementary colors. Additive color mixing.
- Chromatic vision trivariance. The Young-Helmholtz theory.
- Luminance contrast, contrast sensibility, luminance adaptation. Weber-Fechner
laws. Luminance variations in space and in time.
- Color of non self-luminous objects (white, gray, black, brown, etc). Neutral colors.
Lightness scales. Mach’s bands. Color tree.
- Hering’s opponent color theory.
- Color vision deficiencies: anomalous trichromats and dichromats.
- Chromatic adaptation, simultaneous and successive chromatic contrast,
equiluminant stimuli and chromatic contrast sensibility. Chromatic adaptation
chromatic contrast.
- post-receptorial retinic functions, neural ways and cerebral areas specialized for
the chromatic perception.
Photometry
- Photometric Unit: from historical candle to the International System. CIE 1924
photopic spectral luminous efficiency function. Photopic photometric standard
observer CIE 1924 and CIE 1988. Luminous energy in the International System.
Scotopic photometric standard observer CIE 1951. Photopic photometric observer
with visual field of 10 ° CIE 2005.
Colorimetry
- Historical stages and systems of colorimetry. Modes to present the color and its
nomenclature.
- Psychophysical color space and standard CIE. Prereceptorial physics. Univariance
Principle and space of activations of the cones. Chromaticity and chromaticity
diagrams. Metamerism. Photometry and tristimulus space. CIE 1931 standard
observer for visual field of 2 °. Modified 2 ° visual field Observer. CIE 1964 standard
observer. Limitations of tristimulus space.
- Spectral data, lighting and colorimetric calculations. Light sources and CIE
standard illuminants. CIE color specification of a light source. Surface CIE color
specification and optimal colors. Fluorescent color specification. Tint index and
white index. Colorimetric calculations.
- Psychometric Scales and CIE 1976 standard systems: Chromatic adaptation.
Color discrimination and metric color space. CIE 1976 Systems: CIELUV and
CIELAB. Specification of color difference. Metamerism indices.
- Color ordering system and color Atlas. Mixture of dye systems. Color screen plate
printing systems. Color mixing systems. Munsell color system. Swedish Natural
Color System (NCS). System of the Optical society of America (OSA-UCS). DIN
6264 color system.
Basic radiometric, photometric and colorimetric instrumentation.
Light cabinet. Visual comparison instruments. Spectral weighing measuring
instruments. Photometric instruments. Colorimetric instruments. Measurement tools
for spectral analysis. Glossmeter.
Color and lighting.
Color temperature. Choosing the correct color temperature. Color rendering index.
Limits on color rendition. Other parameters for the color rendering. Indices based on
color preference. Indices based on discrimination of color. Influence of chromaticity
sources on visual perception. Correlation between the yield of color and color
temperature. Chromaticity of light and visual perception. Chromaticity sources and
circadian cycle. Lighting in museum.
Classic applications of colorimetry
Trichromatic camera. Monitor and video signal. sRGB system. Multispectral
imaging. Colorant Formulation. Screen plate printing.
Text book: Claudio Oleari ed., Misurare il colore,2nd edition, Hoepli editore, Milano
2008
Full programme
Color physics of the non self-luminous objects and physical measurements
- Optical properties and object visual properties. The light and the separation
surface between two media. Light internal in a medium. Fluorescence. Light
scattering.
- Transparent media. Internal transmittance. Total transmittance and total
reflectance.
- Turbid media. Kubelka-Munck model. Saunderson Equation. Many flux models.
- Physical quantities and geometrical standards for the color specification of non
selfluminous objects. Light modulation in reflection and transmission. Gonioapparent
color and physical measurements
Physiology of color vision.
- Human eye. The optical system and the image formation. Chromatic aberrations.
Optical densities of the optical media of the eye.
- retina structure.
- Photoreceptors, pigment properties, Rushton’s univariance principle. Photopic and
scoptopic visions.
- Gamut of light colors. Spectral colors, magenta, white.
- color matching, metamerism, complementary colors. Additive color mixing.
- Chromatic vision trivariance. The Young-Helmholtz theory.
- Luminance contrast, contrast sensibility, luminance adaptation. Weber-Fechner
laws. Luminance variations in space and in time.
- Color of non self-luminous objects (white, gray, black, brown, etc). Neutral colors.
Lightness scales. Mach’s bands. Color tree.
- Hering’s opponent color theory.
- Color vision deficiencies: anomalous trichromats and dichromats.
- Chromatic adaptation, simultaneous and successive chromatic contrast,
equiluminant stimuli and chromatic contrast sensibility. Chromatic adaptation
chromatic contrast.
- post-receptorial retinic functions, neural ways and cerebral areas specialized for
the chromatic perception.
Photometry
- Photometric Unit: from historical candle to the International System. CIE 1924
photopic spectral luminous efficiency function. Photopic photometric standard
observer CIE 1924 and CIE 1988. Luminous energy in the International System.
Scotopic photometric standard observer CIE 1951. Photopic photometric observer
with visual field of 10 ° CIE 2005.
Colorimetry
- Historical stages and systems of colorimetry. Modes to present the color and its
nomenclature.
- Psychophysical color space and standard CIE. Prereceptorial physics. Univariance
Principle and space of activations of the cones. Chromaticity and chromaticity
diagrams. Metamerism. Photometry and tristimulus space. CIE 1931 standard
observer for visual field of 2 °. Modified 2 ° visual field Observer. CIE 1964 standard
observer. Limitations of tristimulus space.
- Spectral data, lighting and colorimetric calculations. Light sources and CIE
standard illuminants. CIE color specification of a light source. Surface CIE color
specification and optimal colors. Fluorescent color specification. Tint index and
white index. Colorimetric calculations.
- Psychometric Scales and CIE 1976 standard systems: Chromatic adaptation.
Color discrimination and metric color space. CIE 1976 Systems: CIELUV and
CIELAB. Specification of color difference. Metamerism indices.
- Color ordering system and color Atlas. Mixture of dye systems. Color screen plate
printing systems. Color mixing systems. Munsell color system. Swedish Natural
Color System (NCS). System of the Optical society of America (OSA-UCS). DIN
6264 color system.
Basic radiometric, photometric and colorimetric instrumentation.
Light cabinet. Visual comparison instruments. Spectral weighing measuring
instruments. Photometric instruments. Colorimetric instruments. Measurement tools
for spectral analysis. Glossmeter.
Color and lighting.
Color temperature. Choosing the correct color temperature. Color rendering index.
Limits on color rendition. Other parameters for the color rendering. Indices based on
color preference. Indices based on discrimination of color. Influence of chromaticity
sources on visual perception. Correlation between the yield of color and color
temperature. Chromaticity of light and visual perception. Chromaticity sources and
circadian cycle. Lighting in museum.
Classic applications of colorimetry
Trichromatic camera. Monitor and video signal. sRGB system. Multispectral
imaging. Colorant Formulation. Screen plate printing.
Text book: Claudio Oleari ed., Misurare il colore,2nd edition, Hoepli editore, Milano
2008
Bibliography
Claudio Oleari ed., Misurare il colore,2nd edition, Hoepli editore, Milano
2008
Teaching methods
Oral and practical lesson
Assessment methods and criteria
oral examination
Other information
no one
