Learning objectives
The main aim of the course is that to rationalize the description of the structure of the inorganic compounds in the different aggregation states, particularly in the solid state, in order to put in evidence the relations between the chemical-physical properties of the substances and their structures.
Course unit content
<br />1 Structure and properties of the matter in the solid state. The importance of the solid state. Structure of the inorganic compounds. Chemical-physical methods for the determination of the structures and of the molecular geometries.<br />Geometrical and topological limitations on the structures of molecules and crystals. Polymorphism. Structural chemistry of a substance: structure in the solid state, structural changes on melting, boiling and sublimation. A classification of crystals: crystals consisting of three-dimensional, layer, chain structures or finite units.<br />Polyhedra and nets. Fundamental connected points. Regular and semiregular polyhedra. Plane nets. Three-dimensional nets. Molecules and ions with polyhedral, cyclyc and chain structures. Crystal structures based on 3-connected and 4-connected nets. Space-filling arrangements of polyhedra. Structures containing tetrahedral and octahedral units.<br />2 Chemical bonds in crystals<br />Metals. Properties of the metals. Types of packing in the metals. Metallic radii. Metal bond. Structure of the metals. Alloys. Substitutional and superlattice solid solutions. Interstitial compounds. Intermetallic compounds. Strucure of the alloys. Iron and steel.<br />Ionic compounds. Ionic bond. Energetic of ionic crystals. Use of the lattice energies. Ionic radii. Packing in ionic crystals. Defects in the crystals: defects of Schottky and of Frenkel. Nonstoichiometric compounds. Conducibily in the ionic solids. Simple structures of compound AmBn. Structures of some oxydes.<br />Covalent crystals.Covalent bond. Covalent radii. Energetic and length of the covalent bonds. Structure of simple molecules and ions of non transition elements. Giant molecules. Electron-deficient covalent bonds. Metal-metal bond. Van der Waals bond. Hydrogen bond. Types of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds in inorganic systems. Inclusion compounds.<br />3 Structure and properties of elements of the main groups and of their most important compounds.<br />Hydrogen (hydrides, acids and acid salts). Halogens (simple and complex halides, polyhalides). Oxygen (water, oxides, oxyions, hydroxides). Sulfur, selenium e tellurium (sulfides, selenides and tellurides). Boron and aluminium.Carbon, silicon, tin and lead. Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.<br /> <br />
Bibliography
<br />J.E. HUHEEY, E.A. KEITER, R.L. KEITER, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Harper-Collins<br /><br /><br />N.N. GREENWOOD e A. EARNSHAW,Chimica degli Elementi, Casa Editrice Piccin<br /><br /><br />A.F. WELLS, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Clarendon Press
