Learning objectives
<br />AIMS<br />To give knowledge of the principles and methods of laboratory medicine applied to motor and sporting activities regarding: Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Biochemistry.
Prerequisites
Biochemistry, Basic sciences, Anatomy, Physiology
Course unit content
<br />CONTENTS<br />BACTERIOLOGY<br /> Mentions about the general characteristics of the bacterial cell<br /> Mentions about the morphology and structure of the bacterial cell (wall, external membrane, cytoplasmic membrane, bacterial chromosome, capsule and spore).<br /> Interactions bacteria-host: ways of penetration and elimination of bacteria; bacterial resident population of the main corporeal districts (oral cavity, respiratory ways, urinary ways, genital apparatus, gastro-enteric tract, cutis). Mentions about pathogenicity and virulence of bacteria: adhesivity, invasivity and principal virulence factors of bacteria (adhesins, esoenzymes, eso- and endotoxins). Routes of transmission of bacterial infections.<br /> MYCOLOGY<br /> Mentions about the general characteristics of fungi, the fungal cell and colony. Outline about yeasts and filamentous fungi.<br /> PARASITOLOGY<br /> Outline about the general characteristics of the parasites of medical interest: protozoa, worms, arthropods.<br /> Definition of parasite; interaction parasite-host; ways of penetration and elimination of the parasites. <br /> Outline about the life cycles of: blood and tissues parasitic protozoa: Toxoplasma gondii, malaria plasmodia, leishmania, free-living amebae (Acanthamoeba, Naegleria); gastroenteric apparatus parasitic protozoa: Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica; uro-genital parasitic protozoa: Trichomonas vaginalis. Outline about the life cycles of worms: cestoda – Taenia solium, T. saginata, D. latum, Echinococcus; nematoda – Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichinella spp., Enterobius vermicularis. Outline about the life cycles of arthropods: ticks, fly larvae, louses; outline about the main infectious agents transmitted by ticks.<br /> VIROLOGY<br /> Outline on the general characteristics of the viruses. Outline on the classification of the viruses. Outline on the phases of the viral infection. Ways of transmission of the viruses; ways of penetration and elimination of the viruses. Outline about the active and passive antiviral immunoprophylaxis.<br /> Outline about the infections by the parenteral route-transmitted viruses [hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C viruses (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)], viruses responsible for dermatological infections [human papilloma virus (HPV), Herpes simplex viruses, type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1; HSV-2), varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), viruses responsible for respiratory apparatus infections (influenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus).<br />Outline about the main control and prevention systems of the bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in the hospital setting: the disinfection, the disinfestation and the sterilization. <br /> Outline about the principal biological samples and methods for the collection for the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial, viral infections and parasitic infestations and infections. <br /> Outline about principles and methods used for the laboratory diagnosis of the bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections.<br />
Bibliography
<br />SUGGESTED REFERENCES<br />M. Bendinelli, C. Chezzi, D. Fumarola, M. Pitzurra "Microbiologia Medica" Monduzzi Editore<br />L. Spandrio: Biochimica Clinica. Ed. Sorbona, Milano.
