Learning objectives
<br />To give the basic notions about the origin, the active compounds, the technological process and the pharmacological activity of the main drugs
Course unit content
<br />
Medicinal plant and crude drug. Phytocomplex and active compounds: interactions. <br />
Toxicity of natural preparations. Basics of general pharmacology: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. <br />
Traditional medicine and phytotherapy. <br />
Technology of natural medical products(harvesting, drying, grinding, squeezing, enfleurage, distillation, extraction). Drug acquisition and preservation.Galenical preparations.<br />
Vegetal active principles: <br />
glycosides (cyanogenics, sulphurated, antraquinones, saponins), <br />
alkaloids (generalities: purinergics), <br />
lipids (oils, fats, waxes), <br />
phenilpropanoids (flavonoids, lignans, tannins), <br />
terpenes (essences, resins, balms), <br />
carbohydrates (gums, mucilages, pectins).<br />
Digestive system: <br />
- Aloe spp, Matricaria recutita, Althaea officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Illicium verum. - Constipation: manna, Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnus purshiana, Cassia spp<br />
CNS:<br />
- stimulant: Coffea arabica, Thea sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Cola spp, Ilex paraguayensis, Paullinia cupana<br />
- sedative: Valeriana officinalis, Matricaria recutita.<br />
- anxyolitic: Passiflora incarnata, Melissa officinalis, Piper methysticum, Valeriana officinalis, Humulus lupulus.<br />
- antidepressant: Hypericum perforatum, Rhodiola rosea, Eleuterococcus senticosus, Lepidium meyenii<br />
Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba<br />
Abuse drugs: <br />
Papaver somniferum, Erythroxylon coca, Cannabis sativa, Lophophora williamsii, hallucinogenic mushrooms.<br />
Cardiovascular system <br />
Antihyperlipidemic plants: Cynara scolimus, Allium sativum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Commiphora mukul.<br />
Peripheral vascular disorders:Aesculus hippocastanum, Cupressus sempervirens, Hamamelis virginiana, Vaccinium myrtillus, Melilotus officinalis, Ruscus aculeatus.<br />
Respiratory system <br />
- saponins: Marrubium vulgare, Hedera helix, Poligala senega <br />
- essences: Eucaliptus globulus, Melaleuca spp, Menta piperita, Lavandula officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Myroxylon pereire, Myroxilon balsamum. <br />
- mucilages: Plantago lanceolata, Althaea officinalis<br />
Adaptogenic and immustimulant plants: <br />
Eleutherococcus senticosus, Panax ginseng, Echinacea angustifolia.
Bibliography
<p>M.Tognolini - M. Chiavarini - Principi di farmacognosia e fitoterapia - Parma, 2007 - UNINOVA. <br />
</p>
