Learning objectives
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To provide the theoreticalbasisof the spectroscopic remote sensing forthe lithological analysis and simplemethods of data analysis and classification for depositional, stragraphic and structural applications
Prerequisites
<br />Basic principles on electromagnetic waves, knowledge of mineralogy, petrography andgeology
Course unit content
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1 ¿ Introduction to the concepts and methods of the remote sensing<br />
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2 - Physical principles<br />
2.1 ¿ The electromagnetic radiation and the matter: nature of the radiation;electromagnetic radiation and matter.<br />
2.2 ¿Sources of the electromagnetic radiation for remote sensing: sun, reflecting natural surfaces.<br />
2.3 ¿Measurement of the radiation: radiometric quantities.<br />
2.4 - Interaction processes between electromagnetic radiation and matter:<br />
at the interface: smooth plane surface (reflectance, refraction,diffraction: opticalgeometry);irregular homogeneous surface: Lambertian surface;Fresnel low:complex refractive index; atomic and molecular interactionprocesses: electronic, vibrational, rotalional processes.<br />
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3 ¿Interaction processes used in remote sensing<br />
3.1¿Interactionin the atmosphere: composition; scattering and absorptions;energy transfer; atmospheric models: examples.<br />
3.2 ¿Interactions in the terrain (soils, rocks, water, other materials)<br />
VIS-NIR(400-2500nm):spectral reflectance; laboratory spectra: electronictransitions in transition elements; other electronic processes;vibrationalprocesses;scattering in a particulate material;<br />
Examples of spectra of minerals, rocks, sediments measured in laboratory, in the field, from remote.<br />
Exercises:analysis of reflectance spectra of minerals and rocks.<br />
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4 ¿ The systems for remote sensing data acquisition<br />
4.1¿Spectroradiometersfor laboratory, in-situ, from remote analyses;transfer functionand the concept of radiometric resolution.<br />
4.2 ¿Imaging spectrometers.<br />
4.2.1¿General:types of spectroradiometers; spectral resolution;radiometric resolution and distortion; acquisitiongeometry andgeometric distortions.<br />
4.2.2¿Remotesensing systems from satellites: orbit characteristics;spectraland radiometric characteristics and distortions;geometricdistorsions.<br />
4.2.3¿Basicprocessing methods of remote multispectral data:datacube;transformation to reflectance; visualization; simple methodsfordata analysis;geometric and geographic corrections.<br />
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5 ¿Laboratory of data analysis and classification <br />
Examplesof analysis and interpretation of multispectral and multitemporaldata:criteria and examples of discrimination and interpretationoflithotypes and of recent depositional systems<br />
Processing ofdigital data: analysis and interpretation of multispectraldata:atmospheric corrections; visualization (slicing,bandcomposition); visual amelioration (stretching,decorrelationstretching, filtering); spectral analysis (RSspectra andlaboratory spectra; radiance transformation toreflectance, algebricand statistical operations, etc); thematicclassifications.
Full programme
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Bibliography
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B.S. Siegaland A.R. Gillespie ¿ Remote Sensing in Geology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1980<br />
T.M. Lillesand and R.W. Kiefer, Remote sensing and image interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999<br />
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Coursenotes
Teaching methods
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Lectures:<br />
Orallectures and exercises<br />
Laboratorywith written final report<br />
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Examinations:<br />
Oralexamination and discussion about the written report
Assessment methods and criteria
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Other information
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