Learning objectives
Fundamental preparation aimed to the choise of the analytical metods and basic knowledges of instrumental techniques.
Prerequisites
Fundamental preparation in General, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry.
Course unit content
<br />Analytical chemistry<br /> <br />Introduction to instrumental analytical methods<br />Classification of the instrumental analytical techniques.<br />Criteria for the choice of the analytical method with respect to the analytical problem.<br />Main parameters for the quality assurance of the analytical methods: linearity, accuracy, detection limit, quantification limit.<br />Calibration procedures<br /> <br />Electroanalytical techniques<br />Potentiometry. Theoretical bases and instrumentation. Specific electrodes. Membrane electrodes. Potentiometric determination of pH.<br />Voltammetry. Analytical applications. Use of voltammetry as detection technique for chromatography.<br /> <br />Spectroscopic techniques<br />Mechanisms of energy exchange between radiation and substances. Relationships between molecular energy and wavelength of the radiations<br />Uv-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy <br />Absorption and fluorescence mechanisms. Instrumentation for absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Relationships between electronic structure and absorption wavelength. Concentration intensity relationships. Quantitative analysis.<br />Infrared spectroscopy<br />Relationships between vibration modes and absorption bands. FT-IR instrumentation. Application to the identification of unknown sostances .<br />Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy.<br />Features of atomic spectra. Instrumentation for atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy. Applications to determination of metals at trace level. Sample treatment procedures for metal determination in biological samples. <br /> <br />Mass spectrometry (MS)<br />Theoretical bases of the technique. Instrumentation: ionization sources and mass analyzers. Applications to analysis of organic substances. <br /> <br />Separation Techniques<br />General features of the chromatographic techniques. Gas chromatography (GC) and Liquid chromatography (HPLC). Classification of substances on the basis of their polarity.<br />Gas chromatography<br />Separation mechanisms. Stationary phases. Instrumentation; detectors. Coupling GC-MS. Application to the analysis of volatile compounds. Sampling procedures of volatile substances.<br />Liquid chromatography<br />Separation mechanisms. Mobile and stationary phases. Adsorption, partition and size exclusion mechanisms. Instrumentation for HPLC; colums and detectors. Ion exchange chromatography; colums and mobile phases, electrochemical detectors. Applications to the analysis of non volatile substances and of inorganic anions.<br />Electroforesis<br />Theoretical bases. Planar electroforesis. Capillary electroforesis Instrumentation; detection systems. Applications to the analysis of low- and high-molecular weight substances.<br /> <br /> <br />
Bibliography
<br />D.C. Harris, Chimica Analitica Quantitativa, Zanichelli, 2004. <br />D.A. Skoog, J.J. Leary, Chimica Analitica Strumentale, SES, 1995. <br />D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F. J. Holler, S.R. Crouch, Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica, EdiSES, 2004. <br />K.A. Rubinson, J.F. Rubinson, Chimica Analitica Strumentale, Zanichelli, 2002. <br />
Teaching methods
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Lectures, exercises, laboratory practical experiments<br />
Valutation trough written and oral examinations
