Learning objectives
<br />This course is an introduction in the fundamental laws and models of chemistry. It deals with the principles necessary for the understanding of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and with the changes that matter undergoes.
Course unit content
<br />The atomic theory of matter. Thomson and Rutherford atomic models. Atomic number and atomic mass, isotopes. The Bohr model and the quantization. Schroedinger's equation. Quantum numbers, atomic orbitals. Atomic electron configuration (Pauli's principle, Hund's rule). The periodic table, main periodic properties. The chemical bond: ionic bond, covalent bond, metal bond. Electronegativity. Lewis' structures. Molecular geometry, VSEPR theory. Orbital hybridization, hybridization in the carbon atom. Polarity in the molecules. Van der Waal's forces, hydrogen bond. Ideal gases, real gases. Structure and general properties of liquids. Changes of state. Phase diagrams. Phase diagram of water. Solutions: examples, composition. Raoult's law and ideal solutions. Colligative properties. The solid state. Crystalline and amorphous solids. Metallic, ionic, covalent and molecular crystals. Elements of crystallography. Thermodynamics (enthalpy, entropy, Gibb's free energy). Chemical equilibrium. Le Chatelier's principle. Equilibriums in solution. Solubility, Kps. Acids and bases. Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concept of acids and bases. pH, pH indicators. Hydrolysis, buffer solutions. Electrochemistry. Chemical kinetics. Chemistry of hydrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminium, carbon, silicon, tin, lead, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur, halogens, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper, silver, zinc, mercury.
Bibliography
<br />R. H. PETRUCCI, W. S. HARWOOD: 'Chimica generale', Ed. Piccin, Padova<br />P. ATKINS, L. JONES: 'Principi di chimica', Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna<br />J. C. KOTZ, P. TREICHEL, JR.: 'Chimica', EdiSES, Napoli
