Learning objectives
To provide the fundamental concept of classical and instrumental analysis. A particular attention is focused on techiniques useful for environmental applications. .
Prerequisites
Basic knowledge of General and Organic Chemistry
Course unit content
<br />Recalls of thermodynamics of the chemical equilibrium: homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria, calculations for mass and charge balances. <br /><br /><br />Homogeneous equilibria<br /> Distribution functions and diagrams, calculations of equilibrium concentrations acid-base equilibria. Recalls of redox equilibria, influence of pH on redox equilibria. Complexes formation equilibria. <br /><br /><br />Heterogeneous equilibria<br /> Recalls on the solubility of ionic compounds, solubility product, fractioned precipitation, influence of pH on solubility equilibria. Partitioning equilibria, calculation for the efficiency of solvent extraction. Interactions among solubility, protonation, complexation and redox equilibria. Examples, applications. <br /><br /><br />Principles of quantitative analyses<br /> <br />Volumetric analysis: Acid-base titrations, polyprotic systems; determination of the equivalent point; indicators. Titrations by precipitation, determination of the equivalent point, titration by silver ions. EDTA-based complexometric titrations, metallochromic indicators, analysis of drinkable waters. Evaluation of the measurements errors: random and systematic errors. <br /><br /><br />INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS<br />Electroanalytical methods<br />Potentiometry. Classification of the electrodes.Reference electrodes. Indicator electrodes. Ion-Selective Electrodes, composite electrodes, solid and liquid membranes, enzymatic electrodes.Applications. <br />Voltammetry: Principles of voltammetric techniques. Working electrodes. Linear scan voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry. Pulsed and differential techniques. Mercury-drop electrode. Polarography. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry, examples and applications.
Bibliography
<br /><br />D. C. Harris, Chimica Analitica Quantitativa - Zanichelli<br />D. Skoog, J. Leary, Chimica Analitica Strumentale – EdiSES<br />K.A. Rubinson, J.F. Rubinson, Chimica Analitica Strumentale – Zanichelli<br />R. Kellner J.M. Mermet, M. Otto, H.M. Widmer (Eds), Analytical Chemistry, Wiley-VCH (ISBN 3-527-28881-3)
Teaching methods
The course is integrated with 'Chimica Analitica B' (second semester of second year).<br />Written and oral examinations concerning both modules (A and B)
