Learning objectives
<br />The objectiveof the course is to give the tools for the comprehension of the chemicalbehaviour of polyfunctional organic molecules.
Prerequisites
<br />Knowledge of the arguments developed in the Organic Chemistry A course
Course unit content
<br /> Benzene structure andaromaticity concept: phenols and anilines, electrophilic aromatic substitution.Enolates: aldol condensation, intramolecular aldol condensation, mixed aldolcondensation, kinetic and thermodynamic control; Claisen condensation, mixedClaisen condensation. Enamines: alkyation and acylation. The acetoacetic andmalonic syntheses. Addition to alfa,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: theMichael reaction. Conjugates dienes: 1,2 and 1,4 addition reactions, kineticand thermodynamic control. The Diels-Alder reaction: mechanism and stereochemistry.Polymers: nomenclature, classification and properties (melting point,crystallinity, amorphism). Condensation polymers: polyamides, polyesters,polycarbonates, polyurethanes, epoxy resins. Addition polymers: chain growth mechanism(initiation, propagation, termination) and transposition phenomena; theZiegler-Natta catalysts. Carbohydrates: classification, the Fisher and Howart formulasfor monosaccharides representation; glycosides formation. Disaccharides,oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Lipids: classification. Triglycerides,prostaglandins, phospholipids and soluble vitamins. Steroids and biliary acids;the cholesterol biosynthesis. The organic chemistry of the metabolism: the fourreactions of the beta-oxidation of fat acids and the ten reactions of theglycolysis. Amino acids: nomenclature and classification; acid-base properties;amino acids distribution equilibriums as function of pH; isoelectric point ofamino acids and gel electrophoresis. Polypeptides and proteins: primary, secondary,tertiary and quaternary structures; primary structure polypeptidedetermination: chemical digestion and chromatographic analysis, use ofrestriction enzymes and of cyanogen bromide, Edman degradation; polypeptidesynthesis. Nucleic acids: nucleosides and nucleotides; DNA structure; theribonucleic acids.
Bibliography
<br />Brown & Foote, “Chimica Organica – Seconda Edizione” EdiSES
