Learning objectives
At the end of the course the students will be able to apply the methods exposed during the lessons and applied during the field work, sampling and classifying the vegetation according to the phytosociological method. Moreover, the students will be able to monitor periodically the vegetation in order to follow vegetation dynamics.
Prerequisites
None
Course unit content
Principles and methods of the vegetation science. The coenological approach and the vegetation as a continuum. The feartures of the vegetation: the phytosociological method: theory and praxis. The phytosociological sampling. Statistical analysis and use of the phytosociological relevés. Vegetation classification. The higher units of the classification. The association and its floristic diagnosis.
Vegetation systematics. The vegetation belts. The European Vegetation Checklist; the Prodrome of the Italian vegetation.
Point intercepts and frequency counts in the vegetation sampling. Techniques for vegetation monitoring. The monitoring of prioritary habitats. Vegetation dynamics and periodical fluctuations. Primary and secondary succession. Methods for studying vegetation dynamics. the climax. The vaims of vegetation mapping.
Naturality and artificiality index. The artificiality scale. The vegetation of the Emilia-Romagna region.
Full programme
- Flora
- Vegetation
- Vegetation and environment
- The structure of the vegetation
- The coenological model
- The continuistic model
- The phytosociological approach
- The plant community
- The evolution of the continuistic model
- Approaches for the classification of vegetation
- The physiognomic approach
- The formation and the formation type
- The biomes
- Formation types according to Schimper and von Faber
- The structural approach
- The Danserau method
- The structural types
- The qualitative study of the forest structure
- The quantitative study of the forest structure
- The deadwood
- The ecological role, controlling factors and estimates of deadwood
- The deadwood sampling protocol
- The microhabitats of trees
- The floristic-compositional approach
- Phytocoenosis, vegetation type and plant association
- The phytosociological method
- The analytical and synthetic phases
- The identification of the stands
- The choice of plots
- The minimum area and size of the plots
- The phytosociological survey
- The phytosociological classification
- The nomenclatural rules of syntaxonomy
- The diagnostic species
- The fidelity index and the indicator value of the species
- The raw table and the structured one
- The numerical classification
- The bioindication
- The indicator values of Ellenberg and Landolt
- The life strategies of plants
- Diversity and functional traits
- The plant functional types
- The ecological-functional approach
- The main response variables
- Non-destructive methods
- Destructive methods
- The estimation of the variables
- The experimental design
- The approaches of scientific studies
- Mensurative and manipulative studies
- Experimental schemes and pseudoreplication
- The analysis of multivariate data
- The measures of association and the Q and R mode
- The cluster analysis
- Unconstrained ordinations
- Canonical ordinations
Bibliography
Ubaldi D. Geobotanica e Fitosociologia. Clueb Editori
AA.VV. Classification of Plant Communities. Junk
Leuschner C. & Ellenberg H. Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe. Springer
Mueller-Dombois D. & Ellenberg H. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley & Sons
Bocard D. et al. Numerical Ecology with R. Springer
Teaching methods
Lessons in the classroom during which the main topics of the course will be exposed and discussed with an active interaction with the students. Field excursions for application of the exposed methods during the lessons in the classroom.
Assessment methods and criteria
Oral examination aiming at verifying how the students will become able to apply the methods exposed during the lessons. The examination will be passed when the students reply positively and adequately to two questions on the three proposed.
Other information
Link to the Elly page:
https://elly2021.scvsa.unipr.it/course/view.php?id=307
