PHARMACOGNOSY
cod. 00375

Academic year 2016/17
2° year of course - Second semester
Professor
Academic discipline
Farmacologia (BIO/14)
Field
Discipline biologiche e farmacologiche
Type of training activity
Characterising
56 hours
of face-to-face activities
7 credits
hub: PARMA
course unit
in - - -

Learning objectives

Objectives of the course (preferably expressed in terms of learning outcomes and competences):

To give the basic notions about

- the technological process

- the origin of the drugs

- the chemistry of the active compounds

- the pharmacological activity and the therapeutic applications of the main drugs

Prerequisites

Knowledge of general chemistry, anatomy and physiology are welcome.

Course unit content

Medicinal plant and crude drug.
Phytocomplex and active compounds. Interactions.
Toxicity of natural preparations.
Basics of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
Traditional medicine and phytotherapy.
Technology of natural medical products:
- harvesting, drying, grinding, squeezing, enfleurage, distillation, extraction.
Drug acquisition and preservation.
Galenical preparations.

VEGETAL ACTIVE PRINCIPLES:
- glycosides (cardioactive, cyanogenics, sulphurated, antraquinones, saponins).
- alkaloids: purinergics, tropanics, benzylisoquinolics, indolics, quinolinics.
- lipids: oils, fats, waxes.
- phenilpropanoids: flavonoids, lignans, tannins.
- terpenes: essences, resins, balms.
- carbohydrates: mono/polysacchrides, gums, mucilages, pectins.

THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

Drugs acting on gastrointestinal system

-Drugs acting on GI system
- Drugs acting on CNS
- Drugs acting on cardiovascular system
- Antihyperlipidemic plants
- Peripheral vascular disorders
- Drugs acting on respiratory system
- Adaptogenic and immunostimulant plants
- Antinflammatory drugs
- Herbal chemotherapeutics

Full programme

GENERALITIES

Medicinal plant and crude drug.
Phytocomplex and active compounds. Interactions.
Toxicity of natural preparations.
Basics of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
Traditional medicine and phytotherapy.
Technology of natural medical products:
- harvesting, drying, grinding, squeezing, enfleurage, distillation, extraction.
Drug acquisition and preservation.
Galenical preparations.

Traditional medicine and phytotherapy.
Homeopathy. Alternative care.
Scientific literature. Primary information.
Debunking.

VEGETAL ACTIVE PRINCIPLES:
- glycosides (cardioactive, cyanogenics, sulphurated, antraquinones, saponins).
- alkaloids: purinergics, tropanics, benzylisoquinolics, indolics, quinolinics.
- lipids: oils, fats, waxes.
- phenilpropanoids: flavonoids, lignans, tannins.
- terpenes: essences, resins, balms.
- carbohydrates: mono/polysacchrides, gums, mucilages, pectins.

THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

Drugs acting on gastrointestinal system

- Aloe spp, Matricaria recutita, Althaea officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Illicium verum.
- Constipation: manna, Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnus purshiana, Cassia spp, Aloe spp, Rheum spp.
Drugs acting on CNS
- Stimolants: Coffea arabica, Thea sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Cola spp, Ilex paraguayensis, Paullinia cupana
- Sedatives: Valeriana officinalis, Matricaria recutita
- Anxyolitics: Passiflora incarnata, Melissa officinalis, Piper methysticum, Valeriana officinalis. Humulus lupulus
- Antidepressants: Hypericum perforatum, Rhodiola rosea, Eleuterococcus senticosus, Lepidium meyenii.
- Other:Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba
Drugs acting on cardiovascular system
- Antihyperlipidemic plants: Cynara scolimus, Allium sativum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Commiphora mukul.
- Peripheral vascular disorders : Aesculus hippocastanum, Cupressus sempervirens, Hamamelis virginiana, Vaccinium myrtillus, Melilotus officinalis, Ruscus aculeatus
Drugs acting on respiratory system
- saponins: Marrubium vulgare,Hedera helix, Poligala senega.
- essences: Eucaliptus globulus, Melaleuca spp, Menta piperita, Lavandula officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Myroxylon pereire, Myroxylon balsamum.
- mucilages: Plantago lanceolata, Althaea officinalis.
Adaptogenic and immunostimulant plants: Eleuhterococcus senticosus, Panax ginseng, Echinacea angustifolia.
Antinflammatory drugs.
Herbal chemotherapeutics.

Bibliography

Bibliografia consigliata: M. Tognolini, M. Chiavarini - Principi di farmacognosia e fitoterapia - UNINOVA

Salvo di Grazia - Salute e bugie - Chiare lettere

Teaching methods

Oral lessons

Assessment methods and criteria

Oral examination.
For the determination of the final mark the following descriptors are adopted:
• knowledge and understanding of the subjects (up to 12/30);
• ability to apply the knowledge (up to 10/30);
• ability to communicate the learned knowledge and skills in verbal form through the appropriate use of the techinical language (up to 8/30).

Other information

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