Learning objectives
The goal of the course is to provide a solid knowledge of the fundamental principles of chemistry, and to develope in the students critical abilities through the solution of exercises.
Course unit content
Elements and Compounds. Dalton's Atomic Theory and Law of conservation of mass. Chemical formulas, atomic weights and molecular weights. Subatomic particles, atomic number, mass number, isotopes and isobars. Moles, Avogadro's number, (Exercises).
Atomic theory of Thomson and Rutherford. Bohr's atomic model. The electromagnetic radiation. Quantization of energy. Uncertainty principle of Heisenberg. Atomic orbitals and quantum numbers. Polyelectronic atoms. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's Rule. Aufbau. Periodic properties, atomic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity and electronegativity. Chemical bond and structure of molecules. Binding energy, ionic and covalent bond (Lewis theory, VB theory and MO theory). Metallic bond. Conductors and superconductors. Dipole interactions and hydrogen bond.
Number of oxidation. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds. Chemical reactions. Balancing oxidation-reduction reactions and not redox reactions, (Exercises).
Physical states of matter: gaseous, liquid and solid state. Equation of state of perfect gases: Boyle's law, laws of Gay-Lussac and Dalton's law of partial pressures. Real gases.
Liquid state: evaporation of a liquid and vapor pressure, boiling, sublimation, melting and solidification. State diagrams.
Solutions. Ways to express concentrations of solutions. Colligative properties of solutions, (Exercises).
Chemical principles of thermodynamic. Chemical equilibrium. Equilibria in homogeneous systems. Equilibrium constant. Mobile principle of balance. Dependence of the equilibrium constant on temperature. Heterogeneous equilibria.
Equilibrium between the phases. The mixtures.
Equilibria in solution. Solubility equilibria. Acid-base equilibria. Nature and Strength of acids and bases. Evolution of the concept of acid and base. Ionic product of water. Henderson-Hasselbach equation. Definition of pH and pOH. Hydrolysis and buffer solutions, (Exercises).
Electrolysis. Faraday's laws. Galvanic Cells. Nernst equation.
Elements of chemical kinetics. Catalysis and catalysts.
Elements of Inorganic Chemistry. Elements of Organic Chemistry.
Bibliography
1) A.M. Manotti Lanfredi, A. Tiripicchio, FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA, seconda edizione, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
2) Franco Ugozzoli, LEZIONI DI CHIMICA, Edizioni Santa Croce.
Teaching methods
Classroom lectures. Test during the course and final exam.
Assessment methods and criteria
Oral with written exercises
